RX 422 final exam drugs for cards.txt

• rapid acting insulin analog
• B28 proline replaced by aspartic acid
• injected 30 min. before a meal

• long acting insulin analog
• 2 arginine residues added to the B-chain C-terminus and an asparagine residue replaces glycine at A21

• recombinant human regular insulin
• insulin monomers associated in hexameric aggregates

• rapid acting analog
• B29 lysine replaced by glutamic acid and B23 asparagine replaced by lysine
• shortest duration of action: 1-2.5 hours
• clear - no Zn, buffer, or protein added

• rapid acting insulin analog
• B28 (Pro) and B29 (Lys) have been reversed, impairs hexamer formation for faster action
• injected 30 min before a meal

• neutral protamine Hagedorn (isophane)
• intermediate acting insulin

• 1st gen; short acting sulfonylurea
• Stimulates insulin release from b-islet cells, binds SUR1 receptor
• For Type 2 DM

• Insulin sensitizer, PPAR-gamma (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor) agonist
• Nuclear TF, regulates carb and lipid metabolism
• requires insulin for its action
• ADR: liver toxicity, edema, weight gain

• Insulin sensitizer, PPAR-gamma agonist
• Nuclear TF, regulates carb and lipid metabolism
• requires insulin for its action
• ADR: liver toxicity, edema, weight gain

• 1st generation sulfonylurea; long acting
• Stimulates insulin release from b-islet cells, binds SUR1 receptor
• For Type 2 DM

• insulin sensitizer, binds PPAR-gamma
• d/c because of liver toxicity

• 2nd generation sulfonylurea; short acting
• Stimulates insulin release from b-islet cells, binds SUR1 receptor
• For Type 2 DM
• ADR: hypoglycemia

• 2nd generation sulfonylurea; long acting
• Stimulates insulin release from b-islet cells, binds SUR1 receptor
• For Type 2 DM
• ADR: hypoglycemia

• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor for Type 2 DM
• Reduces intestinal absorption of starch, dextrin, disacch.
• reduces post-prandial glucose spike
• does NOT produce hypoglycemia

• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor for type 2 DM
• Reduces intestinal absorption of starch, dextrin, disacch.
• reduces post-prandial glucose spike
• does NOT produce hypoglycemia

• meglitinide secretagogue
• short acting
• block ATP/K channels, prevent postprandial glucose spike

• Phenylalanine secretagogue
• short acting
• block ATP/K channels, prevent postprandial glucose spike

• incretin for type 2 DM, BID injection
• GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide) receptor (Gs) agonist, increase GLUT2 expression which increases insulin release
• proconvertase convertes proglucan to GLP-1, degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase IV

agent used successfully in trials to prevent oxidation of nonenzymatic glycosylated proteins (which can undergo oxidation and cause cell damage)

• incretin for type 2 DM, QD injection
• GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide) receptor agonist (Gs), increases GLUT2 expression which increases insulin release
• proconvertase convertes proglucan to GLP-1, degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase IV
• More effective than exendin-4

• oral biguanide for type 2 DM
• activates AMP- activated protein kinase
• decreases hepatic glucose production, enhances insulin action in muscle and adipose, reduces TGs
• does NOT produce hypoglycemia

• d/c, biguanide similar to metformin
• activates AMPK
• produced too much lactic acidosis

• 1st generation retinoid (Retin-A)
• Reduces hyperkeratinization/acne vulgaris
• Used with anthracycline for APL (acute promyelocytic leukemia)

• AKA accutane
• 1st generation retinoid
• Normalizes keratinization, reduces P. acnes
• For nodulocystic acne vulgaris

• 1st generation retinoid, binds all RAR and RXRs
• For Kaposi's sarcoma

• 2nd generation retinoid
• For plaque psoriasis
• T1/2= 2-3 days, stored in fat

• 3rd generation retinoid
• Selectively binds RXR
• For Tcell lymphoma
• ADR: hypothyroidism

• Similar to tretinoin, naphthoic acid derivative, retinoid-like (3rd generation)
• More anti-inflammatory, more stable to sunlight

• Vitamin D analog
• Binds VDR which then associates with RXR-alpha
• Enhances differentiation
• For mild/moderate psoriasis

• Decreases expression of CLA positive T-cells and endothelial E-selectin
• 3 doses once a week
• For moderate/severe psoriasis
• ADR: hepatic fibrosis

• Inhibits IMPDH (type 2) in B and T cells
• For moderate/severe psoriasis

• anti-CD2 - recombinant fusion protein (LFA3 + IgG1 Fc domain)
• blocks memory T-cell costimulation
• ADR: reduction in CD4+ cells
• For moderate/severe psoriasis

• Calcineurin inhibitor ,binds FK506-BP12
• stops NFAT from initiating IL-2 production in T-cells
• Also binds langerhans cells, mast cells, keratinocytes
• ADR: HTN and renal dysfunction, NO epidermal thinning
• For moderate/severe psoriasis, also rosacia

• Calcineurin inhibitor, which stops NFAT from initiating IL-2 production in T-cells
• Also binds langerhans cells, mast cells, keratinocytes
• ADR: HTN and renal dysfunction
• For moderate/severe psoriasis

• Recombinant anti-TNF-?
• Fusion protein (TNF binding domain + IgG1 fc domain)
• ADR: increased risk of infection

• Fluorinated topical GC, most potent
• For psoriasis, not for face or genitals
• ADR: skin atrophy (GCs)

• Least potent topical GC
• For mild/moderate psoriasis
• ADR: skin atrophy

• Systemic GC for severe psoriasis
• Extensive ADRs, pustular flares if rapidly tapered

• anti-TNF-alpha (bound and unbound) - complement dependent
• ADR: reactivate TB, exacerbate CHF
• For moderate/severe psoriasis

• anti-CD11a of LFA1, blocks binding to ICAM-1 on APCs
• For moderate/severe psoriasis

• photosensitizer used in combo with UVA for severe psoriasis
• type 1 rxn O2 independent, type 2 rxn O2 dependent
• Better GI absorption than 4,5,8 TMP

• Photosensitizer, used in combo with PDT
• Converted to protoporphyrin
• For actinic keratoses and non-melanoma cancer

UVA sunscreen, reduce deeply penetrating light

• photosensitizer used in combo with UVA for severe psoriasis
• type 1 rxn O2 independent, type 2 (melanogenesis) rxn O2 dependent
• Less GI absorption than 8-MOP

• Photosensitizer used in combo with UVA
• For psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lymphoma
• ADR: blistering, erythema. Chronic= actinic keratoses

UVB sunscreen agents

• originally for HTN, opens K+ channels, hyperpolarizes, relaxation
• for alopecia, enhances follicle size

• Inhibits type 2 5-alpha-reductase, decreases DHT
• for alopecia for men
• ADR: ED, decrease libido

• nonselective beta antagonist
• decreases aqueous humor production
• 1st line OAG

• selective alpha-2 agonist for OAG
• decreases aqueous humor production, maybe more meshwork outflow

• M3 agonist,2nd/3rd line OAG
• Increases trabecular outflow

• nonselective beta antagonist for OAG
• decreases aqueous humor production

• alpha-2 agonist for OAG
• decreases aqueous humor production, maybe more meshwork outflow

• M3 agonist, 2nd/3rd line OAG
• Increases trabecular outflow

• nonselective beta antagonist 1st line OAG
• decreases aqueous humor production

• selective alpha-2 agonist for OAG
• decreases aqueous humor production
• preferred over apraclonidine

• AchE-I, 2nd/3rd line OAG
• Increases trabecular outflow

• nonselective beta antagonist
• decreases aqueous humor production
• 1st line for OAG

• Beta antagonist (Beta-1-selective), not as effective in OAG
• Decreases aqueous humor production

• topical carbonic anhydrase-I for OAG
• decreases aqueous humor production

• topical carbonic anhydrase-I for OAG
• decreases aqueous humor production

• PG analog, 1st line OAG
• Increases uveoscleral outflow

• oral carbonic anhydrase-I for OAG
• decreases aqueous humor production

• PG analog, for OAG
• Increases uveoscleral outflow
• 2nd line, ADR: pigmentation, CV effects

• oral carbonic anhydrase-I for OAG
• decreases aqueous humor production

• PG analog, 1st line OAG
• Increases uveoscleral outflow

• PG analog, 1st line OAG
• Increases uveoscleral outflow
• Ester prodrug, no preservative

• Epinephrine prodrug converted by esterases in cornea
• Stimulates alpha-2, increases outflow for OAG

• Ach agonist
• Hyperosmotic
• Beta blocker

• Deposits in new vessels, used with photodynamic therapy
• Produces ROS to damage and occlude new vessels
• For exudative (neovascular) AMD

• PEG anti-VEGF aptamer
• Single mRNA strand that binds VEGF

supplements recommended for those at risk for AMD

• rh monoclonal igG1 - binds VEGF-A
• for neovascular AMD

• murine-mAb against VEGF-A
• most widely used for neovascular AMD(low cost), off-label

caratenoid, antioxidant for AMD

caratenoid, antioxidant for AMD

caratenoid, powerful antioxidant

• fusion protein (VEGFR-1/2 + IgG1 Fc)
• binds VEGF-A
• for neovascular AMD

• topical cyclosporin
• increases tear production, decreases inflammation