Amyloidosis

• misfolded protein deposited in extracellular space
• b-plated sheet configuration
• congo red staining and apple-green birefringence under polarized light
• need biopsy for diagnosis
• damaged organs must be transplanted since amyloid cannot be removed

AL amyloid derived from immunoglobulin light chain

• AA amyloid which is derived from serum amyloid-associated protein (acute phase reactant)
• FMF is due to a dysfunction of neutrophils

Nephrotic syndrome, restrictive cardiomyopathy, tongue enlargement, malabsorption, hepatosplenomegaly

non-mutated serum transthyretin

• mutated serum transthyretin
• restrictive cardiomyopathy

Amylin deposits in the islets of the pancreas

• Abeta amyloid derived from beta-amyloid precursor protien
• brain
• present on chromosome 21. Down sydrome individuals develop Alzheimer by the age of 40

beta2- microglobulin (structural part of MHC I) deposits in joints

calcitonin (produced by tumor cells) deposits within the tumor (tumor cells in an amyloid background)