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USUHS14
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Enfuvirtide
- Blocks fusion of HIV virion to lymphocytes
- Synthetic peptide based in HIV gp41
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Maraviroc
- CCR5 antagonist
- Blocks binding of HIV viral gp120 to CCR5
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Palivizumab
- MAB against F protein of RSV, preventing entry into the cell
- Prophylaxis for high-risk infants
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Amantadine
- Interferes with viral un-coating via blocking M2 proton channel
- Used for Influenza A prophylaxis
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Rimantadine
- Interferes with viral un-coating via blocking M2 proton channel
- Used for Influenza A prophylaxis
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Oseltamivir
- Inhibits viral neuraminidase, thereby blocking budding of new virus and sowing the spread through the respiratory tract
- Use as prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A and B
- Orally administered
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Zanamivir
- Inhibits viral neuraminidase, thereby blocking budding of new virus and sowing the spread through the respiratory tract
- Use as prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A and B
- Administered by inhalation
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Acyclovir
- Guanosine analogue that inhibits viral DNA polymerase
- Must be phosphorylated by viral Thymidine Kinase
- Use for HSV-1&2 and VZV
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Valacyclovir
- Prodrug form of acyclovir
- Yields 3-5x greater serum concentration of acyclovir
- Reduces transmission of HSV-2 by 50%
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Penciclovir
- Acyclovir analogue
- Used to treat herpes labialis
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Ribavirin
- Synthetic nucleoside that perturbs intracellular nucleotide pools and inhibits GMP synthesis
- Used for HCV in combination with an interferon alpha
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Entecavir
- NRTI
- Guanine nucleoside analogue
- Use for HBV
- Can cause potentially fatal lactic acidosis
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Telbivudine
- NRTI
- Guanine nucleoside analogue
- Use for HBV
- Can cause potentially fatal lactic acidosis
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Cidofovir
- Acyclic nucleoside phosphonate
- Use for resistant CMV retinitis
- Can also use for small pox and small pox vaccine reactions
- Nephrotoxic
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Adefovir
- Acyclic nucleoside phosphonate
- Use for HBV
- Nephrotoxic
- Withdrawal can cause hepatic flares
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Foscarnet
- Inhibits HSV ad CMV DNA polymerase
- Effective against ganciclovir-resistant CMV in AIDS and acyclovir resistant HSV in AIDS
- May cause nephrotoxicity and symptomatic hypocalcemia
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Ganciclovir
- Guanine nucleoside analog that inhibits CMV DNA polymerase
- Must be phosphorylated by viral UL97 phosphotransferase
- Can cause granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia
- Use for CMV retinitis and severe CMV infx in immunocompromised hosts
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Interferon alfas
- Inhibit viral protein synthesis
- Use for chronic HBV and HCV and a variety of malignancies
- 2b and n3 can be used for condyloma acuminata
- Must be administered IM or IV
- May cause marrow suppression
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Boceprevir
- HCV protease inhibitor
- Induces CYP3A4, therefore don't use with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4
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Telaprevir
- HCV protease inhibitor
- Induces CYP3A4, therefore don't use with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4
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Zidovudine (AZT)
- NRTI
- Use for HIV
- Thymidine analogue that inhibits reverse transcriptase
- Metabolism and excretion are slowed by probenecid, acetaminophen and aspirin
- Can cause anemia and neutropenia
- Can induce potentially fatal lactic acidosis (because inhibits mitochondrial DNA polymerase)
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Lamivudine (3TC)
- NRTI
- Cytosine analog
- Use for HIV and HBV
- Can induce potentially fatal lactic acidosis
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Emtricitabine
- NRTI
- flouro-derivative of lamivudine
- Use for HIV and HBV
- Can induce potentially fatal lactic acidosis
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Abacavir
- NRTI
- Guanosine analogue
- Can cause severe hypersensitivity (especially with HLA-B*5701)
- Can cause potentially fatal lactic acidosis
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Tenofovir Disoproxil
- Acyclic nucleoside phosphonate inhibitor of reverse transcriptase
- Antiviral activity in resting cells
- Use for HIV and HBV
- Can cause Fanconi syndrome
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Nevirapine
- NNRTI (allosteric inhibitor of reverse transcriptase)
- Use in combination therapy
- May cause rash, fatigue, and nausea
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Efavirenz
- NNRTI (allosteric inhibitor of reverse transcriptase
- Use in combination therapy
- May cause nightmares & psychological effects
- Contraindicated in pregnancy
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Atazanavir
- HIV protease inhibitor thereby blocking cleavage of multiprotein precursor
- Metabolized by and inhibitor of CYP3A4
- Lowest incidence of lipodystrophy among PIs
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Darunavir
- HIV protease inhibitor, thereby blocking cleavage of multiprotein precursor
- Metabolized and inhibited by CYP3A4
- May cause lipodystrophy
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Indinavir
- HIV protease inhibitor, thereby blocking cleavage of multiprotein precursor
- Metabolized and inhibited by CYP3A4
- May cause lipodystrophy, renal toxicity, and increased bilirubin
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Lopinavir
- HIV protease inhibitor, thereby blocking cleavage of multiprotein precursor
- Metabolized and inhibited by CYP3A4
- May cause lipodystrophy
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Fosamprenavir
- HIV protease inhibitor, thereby blocking cleavage of multiprotein precursor
- Metabolized and inhibited by CYP3A4
- May cause lipodystrophy
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Ritonavir
- HIV protease inhibitor, thereby blocking cleavage of multiprotein precursor
- Metabolized and inhibited by CP3A4
- Not a great PI but is a very potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 therefore increases the effectiveness of other PIs when used in combination
- May cause lipodystrophy and GI symptoms
- When used with rifampin may cause hepatitis
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Saquinavir
- HIV protease inhibitor, thereby blocking cleavage of multiprotein precursor
- Metabolized and inhibited by CYP3A4
- May cause lipodystrophy and GI symptoms
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Tipranavir
- HIV protease inhibitor, thereby blocking cleavage of multiprotein precursor
- Metabolized and inhibited by CYP3A4
- May cause lipodystrophy
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Raltegravir
- HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI)
- Use in combination therapy
- Minimal side-effects
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