-
Which digits are absent in birds?
1 & 5
-
Where is mucous secreted in the esophagus of birds?
along its entire length
-
What part of digestion in the bird contains no glandular secretions of its own, storage organ, softens food, may be bypassed if gizzard is full?
crop
-
What is thickening of the epithelial lining that sloughs and is regurgitated?
Crop milk
-
What is the glandular stomach that contains acid, mucous, pepsinogen, pepsin?
Proventriculus
-
How long is the trachea in birds compared to animals?
longer in mammals
-
How many airsacs are in birds?
9
-
What part of the bird contains B cells, is dorsal to cloaca, and aids in immunity?
bursa of fabricius
-
What part of the bird contains T cells, has multiple lobes along neck, and contributes to immunity
thymus
-
What is the site of fertilization in the female?
infundibulum
-
What measures day length and LH and FSH is stimulated in both males and females stimulating to lay?
extraretinal photoreceptor in hypothalamus
-
What birds are stimulated by decreasing day length? 2
-
What percent of sperm enter storage glands at the junction of vagina and uterus?
1-2%
-
How much must the egg dehydrate so that the chick can rotate to pip and hatch?
10.5-11.5%
-
What Dz=> conjunctivitis, tracheitis, air sacculitis, secondary coliform respiratory infections, egg quality abnormalities?
paramyxovirus type 1
-
C/S of Newcastle Disease: 3
- Inflammation of respiratory airway
- Pneumonia
- Airsacculitis
-
C/S of viscerotropic form of Newcastle Dz 3
- Soft/Lymphoid Tissue Hemorrhage
- GIT Necrosis
- Vasculitis
-
How is Newcastle disease diagnosed?
- Real-time PCR
- Virus isolation
- Pathotyping by inoculation of susceptible chicken
- Paired serology
-
Is Newcastle disease a reportable disease?
yes
-
What is the natural reservoir of avian influenza?
waterfowl
-
High VS Low Path Avian Influenza:
- High replicated in the absence of trypsin
- (Not limited to GI & Respiratory)
-
How is avian influenza spread?
Mechanically
-
C/S of low path avian influenza? 8
- Dehydration
- Respiratory exudates
- Hyperemia
- Diarrhea
- Decreased egg production
- Yolk peritonitis
- Swollen kidney
- Gout
-
Where does vasculitis occur in highly pathogenic avian influenza?
Vasculitis/Infarction of the comb, wattles, and legs
-
What are the clinical signs of high path avian influenza? 6
- Sudden onset high mortality
- Depression
- Neurologic
- Vasculitis
- Respiratory exudates
- Reproductive tract regression
-
How do you diagnosis avian influenza? (Sample & Tests)
- Pharyngeal/Cloacal swabs
- Virus isolation
- Serology (ELISA, agar gel immunodiffusion, hemagglutination inhibition test)
-
What type of birds do avian influenza focus on?
ALL
-
How is avian influenza completely eradicated?
Seroconversion
-
What is an acute upper respiratory disease of chickens with the potential for renal and reproductive manifestations?
- Infectious Bronchitis
- =Coronavirus
-
What is the most important protein in infectious bronchitis immunity?
S1
-
How is infectious bronchitis transmitted?
Horizontally?
-
C/S of infectious bronchitis? 5
- c/s
- Rales
- Nasal/Ocular discharge
- Decine in egg Production/Quality
- Nephropathogenicity (-> death)
-
What are lesions of infectious bronchitis? 5
- Catarrhal inflammation of upper respiratory tract
- Swollen kidneys and uroliths
- Yolk peritonitis
- Misshapen eggs
- Hypoplastic oviduct in pullets exposed early
-
Dx for infectious bronchitis? (sample/test)
- Trachea
- Kidney
- Cecal tonsil
- virus isolation in SPF embryos
-
DDx for infectious bronchitis?
|
|