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Renaissance
(rebirth) Distinct awakening from the darkness of the Middle Ages. Included advances in Art and the standard way of living during the 15th and 16th century
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The Major City-States of Italy
- Republic of Florence
- Republic of Genoa
- Duchy of Milan
- Rome, the papal states
- Napels, Kingdom of the two Sicilies
- Venice, Venician Republic
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Secularism
The belief that life was more than a preperation for the there after.
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Humanism
- Literary movement that was truely modern in that a class of non clerical writers concerning with secular issues
- Patrarch 1304-1374 first modern writer
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Giovanni de Medici
- Merchant, Banker of Florence. Founder of the dynast and died in 1429
- Ruled Duchy of Tuscany
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Cosimo de Medici
- Son of Giovanni. Unofficial ruler of the republic (1389-1464)
- Duchy of Tuscany
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Lorenzo the Magnificent
- (1449-1492)
- Cosimo's granson, Republics ruler
- Personified a Renaissance attitude
- Duchy of Tuscany
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Individualism
Concerns for self and own pursuit
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Creaters of important architecture
- Filippo Brunelleschi(1377-1446) and Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472)
- Studied roman buildings to build cathedrals
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Lorenzo Ghiberti
(1378-1455) Created the bronze doors of Florence
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Leonardo da Vinci
- (1452-1519) Painter, sculptor, Achitect,Engineer,Writer and Scientist
- Mona lisa and Last Supper
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Baldassare Castiglione
1478-1529 The Book of the Courtier (How a gentlman should be trained)
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Niccolo Machiavelli
- 1469-1527 The Prince 1513
- How to create a stable government
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Northern Renaissance
- Included Germany, England, Switzerland, France, Belgium and Holland
- Religion was more emphisised
- Christian Humanism-Based research on Hebrew and Greek texts.
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Germany
- Economy thrived and banking expanded(controlled more capital than Italian Banks)
- Printing Press-popularized by Johann Gutenberg
- -caused a reading revolution
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Copernicus
- 1473-1543 Upset the time-honored geo-centric view
- Offered proof of a heliocentric system
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Imitation of Christ
- Tomas a Kempis(1380-1471)
- Pursued religious depth rather than rebellion
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Desiderius Erasmus
- (1456-1536) The Christian Gentleman
- The Praise of Folly- Model of practical christian behavior
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England
- Fostered by Elizabeth I 1558-1603
- Introduced an era of intense nationalism
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William Shakespeare
- 1564-1616 Reflected influence of dramatist(playwriter/poet)
- Set a standard for the english language
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France
Hundred Years War 1337-1453, strengthened the monarchy of france by a renewal of commerce which enriched the middle class
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Rabelais
1494-1553 a preist and classicalist, attacked the failings of French society and the church
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Spain
reached their height of expansion in the 16th century
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Jan van Eyck
- 1385-1441 Dutch painter of the 15th century
- Know for his symbolic oil paintings with meticulous detail that focused of religious themes
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