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What are solar heaters
- These use the infrared part of the spectrum . They can be used to heat water in a house .
- In sunny regions , houses may have solar panels on their roofs . Water is pumped through the panels , and absorbs energybradiated from the sun . This helps to cut fuel costs because the water is warmed before it is passes through the houses mainheating system
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what are the advantages of solar heaters
Renewable
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What are the disadvantages of solar heaters
Continuos sunshine is needed
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How does a solar powered power station work
- Radiation is reflected onto the pipe
- Water absorbs radiation
- Steam drives a turbine
- A turbine turns a generator
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There is a new solar thermal tower power plantoutside Seville in Spain , how does it generate power
It works by reflecting rays on one location , turning water into steam and then blasting into turbines and then blasting it into turbines to generate power
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Geothermal energy uses
Heat fom underground
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Geothermal energy caalonlu be used in
Volcanic areas where the earths crust is thin and steam and hot water rises to the surface . Steam can be tapp and used to drive turbines . In certain areas ground heat may be used directly for heating houses
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How do geothermal power stations produce electricity
Two holes several km deep are drilled into the earths crust . Water is pumped down one hole and is heated by the hot rocks as it is forced through the, . The steam at approx 200 degress Celsius is used to drive turbines to produce electricity or heat buildings
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What are the advantagesnofbgeothermal energy
It is renewable and produces no polluting gases
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What are the disadvantages of geothermal energy
This energy can be obtained from very few sites where the earths crust is thin and drilling deep into the earths crust is very expensive and hard
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Place coal oilnatural gas and Nuclear in order of their start up times with the ones with the shortest start up time at the begging
Gas oil coal nuclear
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Match the words from the list (geothermal , hydroelectric , solar cells , tidal ) with the numbers 1- 4 in the table
1 = mountainous area
2 = remote location
3 = river estuary
4 = volcanic area
- Geothermal = 4
- Hydroelectric = 1
- Tidal = 3
- Solar cells = 2
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Which energy resource has radioactive waste , takes a long time to start up the power station , and has a low fuel cost
Nuclear
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Which energy resource produces noise and vusual pollution , takes a short time tos start up the power station and has no fuel cost
Wind power
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Which energy resource oriduces carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide , takes a long time to start up the power station , and has a high fuel cost
Coal
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Which energy resource produces no pollution and has no fuel costs
Solar
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What type of effect does these have on the environment
Tidal
Gas fired
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
- Number - effect on the environment
- 1 = may destroy the habitat of wading birds
- 2 = increases global warming
- 3 = produces radioactive wamste
- 4 = may destroy farmland and forests
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What are transformers used for
They are used to change the voltage of a mains supply at power stations , transformers are used to produce very high voltages before the electricity is transmitted to where it is needed through power lines . Local transformers reduce he voltage to safer levels before the electricity is supplied to consumers
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Why are step up Transformer used once electricity has been produced
They increase the voltage amd increasing the voltage reduces the current required for a given power and hence reduces energy loss In the cables. Less energy is wasted by heating up the power lines
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Why do we have we have to use a step down transformer before the electricity is given to the consumers
Because this decreases the voltage meaning it is at safe and useable levels for the consumers
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What are the pros of overhead cables
- The set up cost is low
- If there are any faults in thecable it is easy to access
- It is easy to set up
- The disturbance to the land is minimal
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What are the cons of overhead cables
- There is lots of maintenace needed
- They look ugly
- They are badly affected by the weather
- They are less reliable
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What are the pros of underground cables
- Minimal maintenance is needed
- They don't look ugly because they are hidden
- They aren't badly affected by the weather
- They are more reliable
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What are the cons of underground cables
- They have a higher set up cost
- If there are any faults they are hard to access
- They are hard to set up
- They cause lots of disturbance to the land
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