Adherens junctions in epithelia forms a ______ around cell’s apical surface
BELT
WHATS ON THE EXTRACELLULAR AND INTRACELLULAR SIDE OF AN ADHEREN JUNCTION?
Extracellular domains of cadherin molecules.
Intracellular domains of cadherin are linked by catenins to cytoskeletal proteins.
WHAT THE HELL IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CATENIN & CADHERIN.
CADHERIN EXTERNAL. CATENIN INTERNAL.
NAME THE 4 INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS ON LATERAL SURFACES, FROM THE TOP DOWN.
GAO JUNCTION
ADHERENS JUNCTION
DESOSOMES
GAP JUNCTIONS
(HEMIDESMONDS CONNECT CELL TO SURFACE, HORIZONTIAL)
NAME THE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
DESMOSOMES. DISC SHAPED.
Adhesion receptors in transmembrane signaling
Binding of integrins and cadherins to extracellular ligands transfer information
Intracellular changes can influence: growth, differentiation or survival
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ALPHA-ACTININ?
IT COMBINES THE A & B ACTIN FILAMENTS OF ADHERENS JUNCTIONS TOGTHER IN THE CYTOPLASMA SIDE OF THE CELL.
T OR F
DESMOSOMES ARE DISC SHAPED JUNCTIONS BETWEEN CELLS, THEY DO NOT FORM A BELT AROUND THE CELL.
TRUE
WHAT DOES THE INTRACELLULAR DOMAIN OF A DESMOSOME CONSIST OF?
LINKED TO INTERMEDIATE FILAMANTS THAT SPAN THE ENTIRE CELL.
OF THE 4 TYPES OF LATERIAL CELL CONNECTIONS, WHICH WOULD BE INVOLED IN INTRACELLULAR CHANGES THAT CAN INFLUENCE GROWTH, DIFFERENTIATION OR SURVIVAL?
DESMOSOMES
WHAT IS THIS & NAME THE 7 STRUCTURES
GREEN: DESMOGLEN GRY: DESMOCOLLIN
CATHEREIN & CATENINS ARE FOUND IN WHAT TYPE OF JUNCTION?
ADHERE JUNCTIONS
NAME THE 3 PROTEINS THAT MAKE THE PLATE OF THE DESMOSOME.
DESMOPLAKIN, PLAKGLOBIN &
CYTOPLASMIC PLAQUE
CELLS ATTACH TO LIVING AND NON-LIVING SUBSTRATIUM, WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCES?
FOCAL ADHESION & HEMIDESMOSOME
KNOW EACH PROCESS!!!
5 types of interactions involving the cell surface
DESMOGLEIN TO DESMOCOLLIN (NOT IN PIC)
Inflammation begins with a recruitment of leukocytes to the site of injury.
Neutrophils attach to ________ on the walls of venules
P-selectins
____ ______ _____ alters the binding of neutrophilic integrins to IgSF (ICAMs)
PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR (PAF)
DEFINE EXTRAVASATION
DURING INFLAMMATION, A NEUTROPHIL SLIP THRU THE VESSEL WALLS INTO TISSUE.(THEN THEY BIND TO IgSF, WHICH ARE LOW-LEVEL, NON-SPECIFIC)
T OR F
NEUTROPHILS BIND TO NON SPECIFICALLY, UNLINKE T & B CELLS.
TRUE
NAME THE 4 Steps in movement of neutrophils from bloodstream during inflammation
T OR F
METASTATIC CELLS, AS A RESULT OF ABNORMAL CELL ADHERSION, ARE ABLE TO penetrate barriers like ECM, connective tissues and basement membranes lining blood vessels
TRUE
IF YOU REMOVED THE ECM FROM MAMMARY GLAND CELLS, WOULD IT FUNCTION?
NO.
CELL WOULDN'T GET ANY SIGNALS...NO INSTRUCTIONS...NO MILK.
DEFINE TIGHT JUNCTION AND GIVE EXAMPLE
Continuous parallel strands of integral proteins encircle the cell.
Occurs between epithelial cells.
Tight junctions form the blood brain barrier.
(Immune cells (NEUTROPHLS) can get in via unknown signal)
WHERE DOES ONE FIND Integral proteins (occludin)?
TIGHT JUNCTIONS
ANYTHING THAT IS OUTSIDE OF THE EPITHIAL CELL LAYER IS STILL OUTSIDE OF YOU.
TRUE
DEFINE THE PARACELLULAR PATHWAY.
NAME 2 PROTEINS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STRUCTURE OF TIGHT JUNCTION
Compatibility differences:Promoting or preventing communication.
Complex of 6 connexin molecules
Connexons have pores allowing diffusion of molecules
Less than 1000 daltons will pass through (LARGE SHIT)
INTEGRATION OF ACTIVITY OF ADJACENT CELLS OCCURS AT WHAT JUNCTION?
GAP.
CHM WILL NOT JUST EFFECT A CELL, IT WILL EFFECT MANY OF THE SAME TYPES OF CELLS ATTACHED TO EACH OTHER.
HYDRO______ CHANNEL IS FOUND INSIDE THE GAP JUNCTION CONNEXONS CHANNEL
HYDROPHILLIC
HOW MANY CONNEXONS IN A GAP JUNCTION FORMATION?
6
DEFINE GJIC
Gap junctions intercellular communication (GJIC)
integrates the activity of adjacent cells
T OR F ?
Many forms of cancer cells lack normal GJIC
TRUE
GJIC decreases progressively as some cancers grow
Defective genes encoding gap junctions may be involved in some types of cancer
A rapid spread of depolarization between adjacent cells.. what junction is responsible?
gap junction.
DEFINE Plasmodesmata
channels through cell walls connecting adjacent plant cellsMuch different structure that gap junctions.
GAP JUNCTION EQUIVILANT IN PLANTS
Plasmodesmata OR ROSETTES
WHERE IN THE HELL DO YOU FIND ANNULUS?
Plasmodesmata.
THE CELL WALL OF A PLANT CONSIST OF WHAT?
Microfibrils of cellulose (GLUCOSE).
The Matrix of the cell wall contains:Hemicellulose, pectins, and hydroxyproline-rich, proline rich, and glycine rich structural proteins
CELL WALL GRORTH STAGES ARE.....
EARLY: Primary cell walls are flexible: Allow growth after division.
LATE: Mature secondary cell walls:Thicker and more rigid
WHAT THE HELL IS THIS?
Cellulose microfibrils. PLANT WALL.
THINK FENCE, NOT WALL. A MEMBRANE IS MORE LIKE A WALL.
Tunneling Nanotubes; Cells pass materials from cell to cell via ________ supported processes.
ACTIN
WHERE IN THE HELL DOES ONE FIND A ROSETTE?
PLANT
Cellulose fibril deposition: each rosette forms single _______ that associate________ and in orientation with underlying as they grow. WHERE ARE THE MICROFIBRIL OF THE ROSETTE IN RELATION TO THE CYTOPLASMA?
GLUCOSE AND CELLULOSE SYNTHASE FOLLOW THRU THEM TO MAINTAIN TURGOR PRESSURE.
Which of the following is not an example of a type of extracellular matrix?
D. bone
B. intermediate filaments
Which of the following proteins of the ECM has a membrane bilayer-spanning domain?
B. heparan sulfate proteoglycans
Embryos injected with antibodies to fibronectin show inhibited movement of neural crest cells during development of the nervous system. These experiments show that.....
neurons in embryos must transiently bind to fibronectin during migration.
Although the protein families that comprise the ECM are very different, they have one characteristics in common..WHAT THE HELL COULD IT BE?
They all have two or more distinct domains with specific binding sites.
Which of the following is not a role of integrins?
C. Integrins form a loose, hydrated gel in the ECM.
Integrin is to a focal adhesion as _____is to an adherens junction.
A. integrin
B. selectin
C. fibronectin
D. cadherin
cadherin
The addition of a peptide with an RGD sequence would probably________ the binding of cultured cells to a fibronectin-coated dish.
B. inhibit
The addition of a peptide with an RGD sequence would probably_____ the binding of cultured cells to a collagen-coated or laminin-coated dish.
D. none of the above
A. have no effect on
Focal adhesions are to cultured cells as__ are to cells in vivo.
A. plasmodesmata
B. gap junctions
C. cell walls
D. hemidesmosomes
D. hemidesmosomes
a laboratory mouse had a mutation rendering the gene that codes for the L-selectin protein nonfunctional, which of the following symptoms would the animal exhibit?
A. blistering of the skin
B. clotting deficiencies
C. metastasis
D. inability to fight infection in the tissues
inability to fight infection in the tissues
Actin filaments are to focal adhesions as _____are to hemidesmosomes.
A. myosin filaments
B. keratin filaments
C. microfilaments
D. cadherins
keratin filaments
Calcium-dependent adhesion is to the cadherins as calcium-independent adhesion is to the______.
A. IgSF proteins
How might anti-selectin antibodies act as anti-inflammatory drugs?
Anti-selectin antibodies prevent neutrophils from transiently binding vessel walls.
Plasmodesmata of plant cells have _____ in common with gap junctions in animal cells, but have _____that gap junctions lack.
cytoplasmic continuity, desmotubules
DESMOTUBULE & ANNULUS.WHAT STRUCTURE ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT?
Plasmodesmata.
Fluorscein that is injected into one plant cell _____show up in adjacent cells; DNA injected into one plant cell ______show up in adjacent cells.
WOULD
WOULD NOT
That cancer cells often lack the gap junctions common to non-malignant cells of the same type is evidence that.....
GJIC is an element of controlled cell growth.
What kind of cell-to-cell junctions would you expect to find in heart tissue?
