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What are some common causes of testicular hypoplasia? 3
- Zinc Deficiency
- Cytogenetic abnormalities (Klinefelter's syndrome)
- Reduced availability of LH from pituitary gland
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What is an example of an animal with Klinefelter's syndrome?
Tricolor male cats
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What is the most common disorder of sexual development in dogs and cats?
Cryptorchidism
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In a bull and horse, which testicle is most likely to be retained?
Left
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What type of cryptorchid testicle is most likely to have a Sertoli cell tumor?
Abdominal
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What type of cryptorchid testicle is most likely to have a Seminoma?
Inguinal
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What is the most common cause of infertility in the male?
Testicular atrophy
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What can be used to differentiate testicular hypoplasia from testicular atrophy?
The epididymis of the atrophied testicle would have formed properly
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What are some common causes of testicular hypoplasia? 7
- Thermal
- Infections
- Trauma
- Malnutrition, excess caloric intake
- Hypovitaminosis A
- Zinc deficiency
- Vascular lesions
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How long may it take for testicular regeneration and normal fertility to return?
3-6 months
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What is inflammation of the testis?
Orchitis
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What are the two main causes of primary orchitis outside the US? 2
- Brucellosis (bulls, boars)
- Mycobacteriosis
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Brucellosis usually occurs in...
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What bacteria is known to cause a primary orchitis in rams?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
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What are some possible ways an organism can be spread to the testis, causing orchitis? 3
- Hematogenous route (uncommon)
- Extension from neighboring structures
- Retrograde along genito-urinary tract
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In order of greatest-least, which tumors are most common in dogs?
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What tumor is an orange-brown neoplasm & encapsulated?
Leydig cell tumor (interstitial cell tumor)
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Leydig Cell Tumors usually occur in...
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Are leydig cell tumors usually benign or malignant?
Benign
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What tumor is a whitish-cream firm neoplasm with abundant fibrous stroma?
Sertoli cell tumor
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What are some conditions associated with Sertoli cell tumors? 3
- Feminization syndrome (alopecia, hyperpigmentation, gynecomastia, atrophy of testis)
- Prostatic disease
- Bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia)
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What neoplasm is often yellow-white to tan, often with pain?
Seminoma
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Seminomas occur most often in...
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What neoplasm is often benign & is composed of multiple tissues?
Teratoma
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Teratomas are most common in...
Young horses and cryptorchid testicles
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What developmental abnormality results in testicular/epididymal enlargement and degeneration due to back pressure?
Segmental aplasia of Wolffian duct
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Segmental aplasia of Wolffian duct occurs most often in...
Bulls
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What is inflammation of the epididymis
Epididymitis
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Epididymitis is most common in which species?
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What is dilation and tortuosity of the spermatic veins particularly pampiniform plexus and cremaster veins?
Varicocele
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What is inflammation of the spermatic cord?
Funiculitis
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What often follows open castration?
Funiculitis
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Funiculitis occurs most often in...
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What can lead to damage to scrotal skin such as necrosis (dry gangrene) and fibrosis which shortens the scrotum in the bull?
Frostbite
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What is a reflection of the peritoneum from the peritoneal cavity down into the scrotum?
Tunica vaginalis
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What is accumulation of clear serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis?
Hydrocele
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What is accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tunica vaginalis?
Chylocele
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What is accumulation of blood in the tunica vaginalis?
Hematocele
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