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Increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, dilates air passages. Flight or Fight Response.
Origin-Sympathetic Nervous System (Adrenal Gland)
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
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Origin--Pancreas
Regulate carbs and fat metabolism in the body. Produce glucose from the blood, and store it as glycogen inside tissues.
Insulin
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Origin--Pituitary Gland
Stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration.
Amino-acid, single chain polypeptide
Growth Hormone
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Origin--Pituitary Gland
Regulates the development, growth, puberty and reproductive processes of the body
FSH
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Origin--Brain
Plays role for social reproduction, particular during and after childbirth.
Stimulates birth and breastfeeding
Oxytocin
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Produced in response to biological stress
ACTH--adrenocorticotropic hormone
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Secretes T(4) and T(3), which regulates the function of the thyroid gland
TSH-- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
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Plays a role in lactation, regulates the immune system.
Origin--Pituitary Gland
Prolactin
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Reduces blood calcium, ipposing the effects of the parathyroid hormone.
Origin--C-cells of the thyroid
Calcitonin
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Released in response to stress
Increases blood sugar
Suppresses the immune system
Aids in fat, protein and carb metabolism
Origin--Adrenal Gland
Cortisol
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Increases reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney
Increases blood volume (which increases blood pressure)
Origin--Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone
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Prevents the production of dilute urine
Can also stimulate the contraction of arteries and capillaries
Origin--Pituitary Gland
ADH
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Regulation of metabolism
AKA--T(4)
Origin--thyroid gland
Thyroxine
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Also works to regulate metabolism
Iodine stimulates this
AKA T(3)
Origin--Thyroid gland
Tridothronine
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Increases the concentration of calcium in the blood
origin--Chief cells of the parathyroid gland
PTH
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Neurotransmitter that affects the heart
Increase heart rate
Triggers glucose release
Part of "fight or flight" response
Origin--Sympatheic Nervous System
Norepinephrine
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Name and describe the 2 types of diabetes
Type I--insulin dependent, pancreas stops breaking down glucose in body. Cannot be controlled by diet and exercise. No Cure
Type II--Pancreas still works but not properly. Usually controlled by diet and exercise, but may have to use medication orally or by insulin injections to control.
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Describe the systemic blood circulation
Oxygenated blood--Pulmonary Veins--Lt.Atrium--AV (bicuspid) Valve--Lt. Ventricle--Aorta
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Describe the pulmonary blood circulation
Deoxygenated blood--Rt. Ventricle--AV (tricuspid) vlave--semilunar valve--Pulmonary Artery--Lungs
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Known as "heart strings"....thread-like bands of fivrous tissue that anchor the valves
Chordae tendinea
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Major element of cardiac contraction system.
Controls heart rate
Electric impulses that stimulate heart to contract
AV Node (atrivoventricular)
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Minimum arterial pressure during relaxation and dilation of the ventricles of the heart
Diastole
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Maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
Systole
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Repeated elevated blood pressure over 140/90
Hypertension
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Name and function of the 3 types of blood vessels
Arteries--Carry blood away from the heart--Has 3 layers
Capillaries--Enable exchange of water and chemicals btween blood and tissue--Endothelium & connective tissue
Veins--Carry blood from capillaries back to the heart--2 layers
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Name the arteries that nourish the heart
Coronary Arteries
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Name/Describe/Function of different blood cells
Erthrocyte--RBC--most numerous in body--No nucleus, bioconcave shape--Provide oxygen to tissues
Platelets--Thrombocytes--Purple color, small in shape--Stops the loss of blood from wounds
Leukocytes (WBC)--2 types:granulocytes & agranulocytes--Provide defense of an organism
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Components of plasma
Includes: glucose,lipids, proteins, glycoproteins, hormones, amino acid, vitamins
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Major function of cardiovascular system
- To transport oxygen and remove carbon monoxide
- Transport nutrients and remove waste
- Fight disease
- Transport horomones
- Regulate temperture
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3 functions of blood
Transport to and from tissue (Arteries, Veins, Capillaries)
Maintain homeostasis (Altering blood flow to skin)
Immunity and defense(WBC fight infection)
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Name the granulocytes
neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
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Name the agranulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
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