Fluid and Electrolytes

Hyper tonic solutions
- greater osmotic pressure than blood.
- water leaves cells and enters body
hypotonic solutions
- lower osmotic pressure than blood
- water leaves blood and enters cell
signs and symptoms of dehydration
- thirst
- rapid, weak pulse
- low blood pressure
- dry skin and mucous membranes
- skin tenting
- decreased urine output
- increased temperature
Effect of dehydration on lab values
- BUN increases
- HCT increases
- specific gravity increases
- they increase because kidney trying to conserve water
interventions for excess fluid volume
- monitor weight and urine output
- place in fowlers
- give oxygen
- give diuretics
- restrict fluid and sodium
sodium lab values and food sources
- between 135 - 145
- breads
- frozen vegetables
- salad dressing
- salsa
- tomato soup
- tomato juice
signs of hyponatremia
- weakness
- nausea and vomiting
- mental status changes
- fluid excess or deficit
hyponatremia interventions
- monitor I&O
- monitor weight
- restrict fluids
- give diuretics/steroids
conditions that place a pt at high risk for hyponatremia
- npo
- excess sweating
- diuretics
- gi suction
- symptom of inappropriate adh
- excessive ingestion of hypotonics
- freshwater near drowing
- decreased aldosterone
signs of hypernatremia
- thirst
- mental status changes
- seizures
- muscle weakness
- respiratory compromise

Author

copperkid2

150386

Card Set

Fluid and Electrolytes

Description

Chpt 6 Fluid and Electrolytes

Updated

2012-04-27T00:41:39Z

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