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List 6 classes of behavioral drugs.
- sedatives and tranquilizers
- anticonvulsant drugs
- progestin drugs
- stimulatns
- antidepressants
- miscellaneous
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How can sedatives and tranquilizers be useful in behavior therapy?
by calming the patient, by reducing the patient's spontaneous activity, and decreasing the patient's response to stimuli
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List 2 specific tranquilizers used for behavior therapy.
- acepromazine
- diazepam - Valium
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Which tranquilizer is safer for long-term use - acepromazine or diazepam - Valium?
diazepam
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Which is an "anxiolytic" drug - ace or diazepam?
diazepam
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Give an example of seizure-related behavioral problems in dogs
idiopathic aggression in dogs
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List 2 examples of anti-seizure drugs.
phenobarbital, phenytoin - Dilantin
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Are progestin drugs commonly used now for behavior problems? Explain.
no - they can cause undesirable side effects - obesity, cancer
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List some problems that progestin drugs may be used to treat.
undesirable male behavior - roaming, mounting, aggression
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List 2 specific progestin drugs.
- megestrol acetate - Ovaban
- medroxyprogesterone acetate - Depo - Provera
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Stimulants are used to treat what kind of behavior problem in human children?
hyperactivity
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Is true hyperactivity common in dogs?
no - however, healthy dogs full of energy who do not get enough exercise are common - owner creaed problem
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List 2 specific stimulant drugs.
- amphetamines
- methylphenidate - Ritalin
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List the 3 classes of antidepressant drugs.
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- tricyclic antidepressants
- selective serotonin uptake inhibitors - SSRI
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What is monoamine oxidase (MAO)?
an enzyme that breaks up certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
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WHat is monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MOAI)?
a drug that inhibits the activity of monoamine oxidase.
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What is the result of administering monoamine oxidase inhibitor to a patient?
increases dopamine, catecholamine, and serotonin levels in the brain, results in mood elevation
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Do monoamine oxidase inhibitors have many interactions with other drugs?
yes
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List 2 monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs used in animals.
- selegiline - Anipryl
- amitraz - Mitaban - Preventic Tick Collar
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Name the monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug used for behavior purposes in animals.
selegiline - Anipryl
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Name the monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug used for antiparasitic purposes in animals.
amitraz - Mitaban - Preventic Tick Colalr
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What condition is selegiline - Anipryl used to treat?
CDS - Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome
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What is CDS - cognitive dysfunction syndrome?
"doggy Alzheimers" - old age deterioration of cognitive abilies not proven to be due to any other causes
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What does "cognitive" mean?
the ability to be aware, know, think, learn, remember
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List the clinical signs of CDS.
- disorientation
- decreased activity level
- abnormal sleep/wake cycles
- loss of housetraining
- decreased or altered responsiveness to family members
- decreased or altered greeting behavior
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How is CDS diagnosed?
by exclusion - not able to diagnose anything else afer doing full diagnostic workup
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Does selegiline - Anipryl have any interactions with other drugs?
yes
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What are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) used for in people?
counteract depression
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What are tricyclic antidepressants used for in animals?
treat compulsive behavior disorders, psychodermatoses.
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How do tricyclic antidepressants work?
decrease re-uptake of serotonin, block re-uptake of norepinephrine
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List 3 specific tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
- clomipramine - Clomicalm
- amitriptyline - Elavil
- imipramine - Tofranil
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What 2 main conditions is clomipramine - Clomicalm used to treat?
- separation anxiety
- obsessive - compulsive disorder
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List the clinical signs of separation anxiety,
- inappropriate barking or destructive behavior
- inapproprate elimination
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What tricyclic antidepressant drug can be used to treat inappropriate spraying inca ts, excessive grooming in cats, and feather plucking in birds?
amitriptyline - Elavil
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How do selective serotonin uptake inhibitor drugs (SSRIs) work?
by making more serotonin available
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Name 1 selective serotonin uptake inhibitor.
fluoxetine - Prozac
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What conditions can fluoxetine - Prozac used to treat?
- obsessive - compulsive disorders
- anxiety
- aggression
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List the 2 drugs categorized as miscellaneous in this class.
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What behavioral conditions can cyproheptadine be used to treat?
life-long urine spraying in cats
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List 2 behavioral drugs discussed in this class that should not be used in patients with a history of seizures.
- acepromazine
- Clomicalm - Clomipramine
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List 2 behavior drugs discussed in this class that are considered to be "anxiolytics"
- diazepam - Valium
- buspirone
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