Business Unit 2.txt

The difference between the budgeted and the actual amount

A variance beneficial to the business e.g. costs lower than budgeted

A variance not in favour of the business e.g. revenue lower than budgeted

A firm that buys up the credit for another business

When a firm buys an asset of the business and leases it back to them so they can use it but not own it.

(Operating Profit/Sales Turnover)*100

(Net Profit/Capital employed)*100

Cash is the money that can be moved around while profit is the total revenue minus the total cost

The different levels of authority within an organisation

The number of staff a manager is responsible for.

Work that a person is expected to do in a specified time.

The process of passing responsibilities down the hierarchy form a manager to a subordinate

The passing of information and instructions which enable a company to function efficiently and employees to be properly informed

Somone who is responsible for allocating jobs to subordinates (at different levels of the heirarchy)

Tasked with ensuring the teams of employees work well together

Responsible for specific departments and for their functional areas and budgets and may delegate tasks to subordinates.

The people that run the business who are appointed by shareholders.

The amount of goods and services a worker produces in a given amount of time

The number employees leaving the business divided by the number of staff over a period of time.

The process of attracting applicants for a job vacancy

The process of deciding which applicant for a job that a business should accept.

Where candidates for a job vacancy come from within the organisation

Where candidates for a job vacancy come from outside the organisation

A description which identifies the skills and experience that are likely to be held by a successful applicant for a job vacancy.

The summary of the main duties and responsibilities of a job.

Training delivered at the place of work

Training delivered away from the place of work.

The initial training that ALL staff must get on the first day of work.

Methods used to motivate staff or workers using money, e.g. piece rate, time rate, salary, wages

The practice of moving employees between different tasks to promote experience and variety

Gives workers more challenging work and the training they need to do it. Depth.

Increasing the scope of a job through extending the range of its job duties and responsibilities but at the same level. Width.

Giving workers more control over their work and a greater role in decision making

Dividing a task between a group of people allocating each person's strengths to the most suited job.

People are more motivated by social factors and can achieve more when get positive attention.

• Has a hierarchy of needs. Here is the order form top to bottom:
• - Self Actualisation (meeting potential, done through responsibility and developing new skills)
• - Self Esteem (giving recognition)
• - Social needs (Friendship and teamwork)
• - Safety (Ensuring job security and safe work environment)
• - Basic Physical needs (payment, warmth, shelter etc)

Man is motivatied by money as they don't like to work. The workers would do the minimum amount of work if left alone.

• Motivated through Hygiene and Motivating factors:
• - Hygiene factors are factors which don't necessarily motivate but it won't demotivate them e.g. working conditions, pay, supervision, relations
• - Motivating factors are factors which will motivate people more e.g. recognition, responsibility, personal development

The way of minimising the unit cost which is total cost divided by output. This can be done through improving productivity.

• Amount currently being produced/Maximum possible that can be produced
• It can be used to find how much spare capacity there is.

Total costs/Number of units

Work performed in excess of a basic work day.

The process of using resources more efficiently which usually involves reducing the size of a business, e.g. through removing levels of heirarchy.

Emplay a business or a person outside of the company to do work as part of a larger project for a set period of time.

A system of maintaining standards in manufactured products by testing samples.

The maintenance of a desired level of quality in a service or product.

A system of management based on the principle that every staff member must be commited to maintaining high standards of work.

Quality control is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production

Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase.

A business which sells a particular good or service to another business.

The use of robots and machinery in the manufacturing process as an alternative to labour. These are usually used in tasks which are repetitive, dangerous, precise or all three.

The use of a control system like a robot or technology that can continually run without human assistance.

The output per worker over a period of time

The process of identifying, anticipating and satifying customer needs.

A clearly identifyable, small part of a market.

The type of marketing aimed to appeal to lots of consumers.

The 4 Ps of marketing: Product, Price, Place and Promotion

The good or service targeted at the consumer

The range of products that the business sells. Can be shown in the Boston matrix.

A model that analyses the product portfolio into four different segments (Rising star, Cash cow, Problem child and Dogs)

The pattern of sales of a product over time from developing the product until its final demise.

The feature of the product or business that differentiates it from the competition.

The methods used to inform and persuade customers into buying the products.

Extensive promotional campaigns in the National media that targets the majority of the consumer market. E.g. TV

The method of promotion that is more focused on a more defined target market.

(Aims of Promotion): Attention, Interest, Desire, Action

(Objectives that a business wishes to achieve): Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timeline

A form of promotion managing the flow of information between an organization and the public.

The words, slogans and images used to represent either a product or a business.

The methods, practices, and operations used to promote and sell the business' products

The methods used to increase demand for a short period of time.

The direct personal presentation, demonstration, and sale of products and services to consumers, usually in their homes or at their jobs.

Advertising is a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to continue or take some new action.

The amount of money the customer has to pay for the business' product. It is one of the the 4Ps of marketing.

When price is set at a high price initially and lowered over time. This is to maximise revenue in the long run.

When price is set low when the product is put onto market to generate sales.

A firm with market power that has the most influence on demand on the price they set.

The firms which do not have as much influence on the market than price leaders where generally they follow the price leaders.

Where a price is set deliberately below the cost of production in order to attract customers.

When the pricing of a product isn't a whole round number which affects a consumer way of thinking e.g. £2.99

The responsiveness of demand to a change in price.

Where price elasticiy is less than 1. This means higher prices mean more revenue as the drop in quantity demanded doesn't drop as much.

Where price elasticity is more than 1. This means higher prices mean less revenue as the drop in quantity demanded is bigger than the price increase.

One of the 4Ps where it is about where the product is sold.

This involves the Manufacturer, Wholesaler, Retailer and Consumer. This is used for fast moving consumer goods like Coca Cola where the wholesaler helps by breaking bulk.

This involves only the Manufacturer, Retailer and Consumer. Usually the retailer is able to buy in big enough bulk to satisfy manufacturer sale quantities.

This is where there is only the Manufacturer and the Consumer. This allow the greatest control of the location of where the product is sold.

The market which the business is part of where there are other businesses selling similar products.

It is the ability of how a business can compete in a marketplace.