-
-
amylase
- in saliva and gut
- digestion of carbohydrates
-
muramidase
- in saliva
- attack bacterial cell walls
-
lactoferrin
- in saliva,
- binds Fe3+ to prevent formation of biofilms
-
Stomach
storage and regulated transport of food into the small intestine
-
Small intestine
- main sight of digestion and absorption
- regulated delivery to the large intestine
-
large intesetine
absorption of water, ions, vatmins from bacteria, feces
-
acinus
specialized epithelial cells that secrete water, ions, and products specific to the gland
-
salivary glands
- secrete mucin
- amylase
- lysozyme
- lactoferrin
-
pancreas
- makes:
- secretin
- amylases
- proteases
- nucleases
- lipases
-
liver
- bile production and secretion
- carbohydrates
- lipids--synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides
- proteins --synthesis of albumin, most coagulation factors, globulins, and amino acids
- hormones
- ammonia to urea detoxification
-
gallbladder
stores all the stuff from the liver and helps regulate their secretion into the duodenum
-
glucose and galactose to cells?
secondary active transport
-
fructose into cells
facilitated diffusion
-
proteins into cells?
secondary active transport
-
fats
- diffuse into enterocyte
- into EF
- reassembled into triglycerides
- move to Golgi
- repacked with other lipids into chylomicrons
- exocytosed into interstititial fluid
- into lacteals of lymphatic system
- blood
-
where is gastrin produced?
what stimulates its release?
what does it do?
- in the G-cells
- nutrients, stretching, and parasympathetic input
- stimulates gastric secretion and motility
-
Secretin:
Where produced?
what stimulates?
what does it do?
- in s-cells in mucosa
- acid in duodenum
- inhibits gastric secretion and motlity and stimulates secretion by liver
-
CCK
where produced
what stimulates
its job
- small intestine
- fats or proteins in duodenum
- inhibits gastric secretion and motility, stimulates pancreatic secretions, stimulates emptying of gallbladder into duodenum.
-
Path of blood through kidney
- artery
- afferent arteriole
- glomerulus
- efferent arteriole
- peritubular capillaries
- vasa recta
- vein
-
path of filtrate through kidneys
- blood
- bowman's capsule
- proximal tubule
- descending limb of LH
- ascending limb of LH
- distal tubule
- collecting tubule
- collecting duct
-
diuresis
when too much water is present, excrete dilute urine
-
antidiuresis
when too little water in plasma, excrete concentrated urine
-
what is permeability of collecting duct changed by
- change in # of aquaporins
- changed by ADH (vasopressin)
- low ADH = less aquaporins, excrete more water/dilute urine
-
4 types of diabetes insipidous
- neurogenic--defect in pituitary or hypothalamus, little production of ADH
- nephrogenic--defect in kidney's response to ADH
- dispogenic--damage to hypothalamic thirst center
- Gestational--overproduction of vasopressin (ADH) by mom
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