Greece Exam 2

Archiac. It was created in Egypt to determine when the river would flood again.

Second millennium B.C. base-60 nummerical system for telling time

Mesopotamians

Eyptians and Babylonians

Mesopotamian learning and Greek institutions fused

• Miletus is the home of I.E.
• More focused on why than how?
• Interested in natural causes
• Systemized learning
• Where the world came from?

Said water was the source for everything and that all matter was water in three forms: solid, liquid, gas. He predicted solar eclipse of 585 B.C. and calculated the height of pyramids by shadows

Made the first map. Claimed that earth is not surroundedin water, but hnags in nothingness. He believed the primary element is infinite and questioned how fire can come from water. Infinite is boundless, but has four qualities. (hot, cold, wet, and dry). Said stars are hot a dry and that earth is wet and cold; life emeraged from warm slime (hot wet). Ealiest creatures were fish, humans evelved from them. Made the first theory of cosmos.

Defined the infinite as air. Air-water, water-ice, heat reverses. All matter will return to airs.

Fled from Samos to Croton. Said the human soul is a spark of divinity. Through transmigration, spark dwelled in every living thing. Moral purity and ascetic practice, free spark to rejoin divine. Math was key to comprehend kosmos' order. Created music theory and the Pythagorean theorem.Seized Croton and created a utopia to conform to mathematical theories. Created civil wars.

Improved Anaximander's map. Wrote a account of all the peoples around the Mediterranean. Wanted to rationally explain human behavior.

Greek for soul- rarified air

The unlimited-bad, and the limiting-good

Father of history. Traveled, investigated, asked questions. Made up speeches and was the first to investigate human causes of human events.

an all male drinking party

the earliest lyric poet

From the island of Lesbos. Wrote for weddings

Near Easter features, stiff posture, Egyptian wig

young woman; 2 deimensional, frontal pose. Always dressed

Ka is vital essence.Egypt had a huge influence on Greek statues and art. Greek statues had straight arms, clenched firsts, left foot foward, but were now free standing (3D)

young man

Was the last Archaic sculpture. first classical sculpture. Showd a "natural" face, real musculature, figure seems alive, natural pose.

first style and largest columns (masculine)

second style. had a scroll at the top of the column. the column is skinnier (femine)

Plant leaves at top of column- Roman later took over the idea

raised platformed columns

where sculptures were held (top)

filled with sculptures

main room- usually held a sculpture of a god.

treasure room- gifts brought to the gods

rows of columns- public place

Strong Near East influence

onversion of the black figure

law giver created all the law of Sparta. Made Spartan men equal, regulated lives, and forged Spartan army.

were able to parade around the city nude, so the men could make them their wives if they so choosed. They were encouraged to work out and be fit/strong. They exercised and competed and would only earn a tombstone if they died in combat or by giving birth.

If born sickly or weak you were thrown off of a cliff. They enrolled in a troop at 7 and their life was geared to war. They ate only enough to survive and were encourage to steal what they didnt have but needed, but couldnt get caught. Older men took them as lovers.

2 Kings- from 2 royal families.Controlled war and religion. Kings served with 28 other members on the Council of Elders. Controlled law. Elected by the Assembly. Must be over 60.

Sparta and its allies: Swore “to have the same friends and enemies, and to follow the Spartans wherever they lead.” Didn’t pay tribute.Couldn’t be forced into war.Primarily defensive.

ruling elite that fell apart

instituted a failed coup. he and his followers were massacred.

family played a large role in the massacre

621 B.C. set up law code and prescribed death for every crime

the Athenian lawgiver. Eupatridai chose Solon to end class warfare

aristocrat launched coup. he was pushed aside by Megacles and Lycurgus.Pisistratus marries Megacles’ daughter and Megacles helps him regain tyranny. Pisistratus is paraded through town. Has “unnatural sex” with daughter and is driven out of town again. Staged coup, again with his sons. Strengthened institutions of the state.

Oldest son of Pisistratus

co-ruler with brother, Hippias. Hipparchus fell in love with the boy Harmodius. Harmodius was the eromenos of Aristogeiton, the erastes. Harmodius and Aristogeiton decided to murder tyrants. Hippias survived. The plotters were killed.

Alcmaeonid tyrant.Ceded power to ordinary Athenians in return for help. Broke up the 4 tribes that were the source of aristocratic power. He made 10 tribes, of 3 trittyes each. One from the three areas of Attica:Inland, urban, coastal.

power of the people: rich didnt like being "equal" to the poor

vote to send one man away for ten years