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Anyprocess that directs the activities of individuals toward the achievement of organizational goals.
control
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The use of rules, regulations, and authority to guide performance.
bureaucratic control
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Control based on the use of pricing mechanisms and economic information to regulate activities within organizations.
market control
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Control based on the norms, values, shared goals, and trust among group members.
clan control
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Expected performance for a given goal:a target that establishes a desired performance level, motivates performance, and serves as a benchmark against which actual performance is assessed.
standard
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A managerial principle stating that control is enhanced by concentrating on the exceptionsto or significant deviations from the expected result or standard.
principle of exception
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The control process used before operations begin, including policies, procedures, and rules designed to ensure that planned activities are carried out properly.
feedforward control
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The control process used while plans are being carried out, including directing, monitoring, and fine - tuning activities as they are performed.
concurrent control
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Control that focuses on the use of information about previous results to correct deviations from th acceptable standard.
feedback control
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