BIOL141 - c.16 Respiratory Physiology Test4.txt

Oxygen moves from the air into the bloodstream via the _________.

The primary force causing oxygen to move from the air into the blood is _________.

What prevents food from going down the trachea?

Cilia covering the epithelial cells of the mucous membranes in the trachea and nasal cavity push mucus toward the ______.

The contraction of the diaphragm causes the thoracic cavity to expand in which direction?

Contraction of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm causes the thoracic cavity to _______ and the air pressure in the lungs to _______.

site of gas exchange : _______________

this gets air to the lungs & Warms, humidifies, filters, and cleans the air:

________ secrete pulmonary surfactant and reabsorb sodium and water, preventing fluid buildup

Air moves from _______ to ________ pressure

__________ law States that the pressure of the same volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume (Vol. increases, pressure decreases)

in inspiration: as pressure in lungs decrease, intercostal muscles ___________

__________ is excessive protein infiltration of connective tissue (black lung seen in Miners)

_________ allows alveoli to remain expanded

law of ________: Pressure is directly proportional to surface tension and inversely proportional to radius of alveolus.

a baby (usually premature) born with without surfactant has a high risk for alveolar collapse. This is called ___________

__________ records lung volume and frequency air movements

(common in smokers) _______ is decreased surface area and alveoli destruction

_________ law: The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures of each gas in it.

__________ law: The amount of gas that can dissolve in liquid depends on: solubility, temperature, & partial pressure of the gasses

the cerebral cortex controls __________ breathing, while the medulla oblongata & pons control __________ breathing

Hemoglobin holds less O2 in exercise (lowers pH) because the body requires more O2. this is called the ________

fetal hemoglobin has a _________ affinty for O2 than the mother. The fetus receives more oxygen due to this.

Inherited Hemoglobin Defects are treated with ___________; stimulates production of fetal hemoglobin without the defect

Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are similar inherited disorders affecting ______________

diaphragm ________ in inspiration, and ___________ in expiration

The __________ pleura lines the thoracic wall, while The ________ pleura covers the lungs.

Reaction to allergens; Spasms of the bronchial muscles that severely restrict air flow is called _________

_________ measures pH, Partial CO2 and O2

When ventilation is inadequate, CO2 levels ______ and pH ____

______: below-normal hemoglobin levels

_________ is made in the kidneys stimulates hemoglobin/RBC production when O2 levels are low

_________ is above-normal hemoglobin levels; more RBC made (may occur due to high altitudes, doping)