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4 types of glial cells
- 1. astrocytes
- 2. ogligodendricytes
- 3. ependymal cells
- 4. Microglials
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Difference between oligodendricytes and schwann cells?
Oligodendricytes are in CNS and can't regrow, Schwann cells are in PNS, and can regrow
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2 functions of microglials?
- 1. phagocytic
- 2. release a growth factor while at rest
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What CNS glial cells type releases a growth inhibitory substance?
oligodendricytes
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T/F: Glial cells can go through mitosis, but neurons can't.
True. Although neurons can regenerate axons, but they can not go through mitosis
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What are some of the functions of astrocytes?
- 1. Provides support
- 2. Assists in the formation of blood brain barrier indirectly
- 3. Taking up any excess potassium
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T/F: 90% of all cells in the central nervous system are glial cells.
True
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What kind of tissue is glial cells made of?
Connective tissues
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What kind of cells form the epithelial lining of the cnetral canal which is continuous with the ventricle of the brain?
ependymal cells
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What are duramater, arachnoid and piamatar?
Protective membranes of the nervous tissue against the bone
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What is the Na and K concentration of the cerebral spinal fluid comparing to the blood?
More Na and less K, because if there is too much K concentration it will mess up the membrane potential
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What is one part of the CNS that doesn't have the blood brain barrier?
Hypothalamus
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1. What blocks the nicotinic ACh receptors?
2. What blocks the muscarinic ACh receptors?
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What kind of effects do salivary glands have?
Complementary
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What are the 4 organs without dual innervation, in fact only receive sympathetic innervation?
- 1. Pilli muscles in the skin
- 2. Smooth muscle of blood vessels
- 3. Sweat glands in the skin
- 4. adrenal medulla
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What's weird about the sweat glands innervation?
Although they are sympathetic, they are actually cholinergic (which is an exception)
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T/F: Somatic neuron system is a one-neuron system.
Autonomic neuron system is a two-neuron system
True
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What is the type of neuromuscular junction of somatic motor?
Specialized motor end plate
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Types of nerve fiber difference between somatic motor and autonomic motor?
fast-conduction for somatic; slow-conduction for autonomic
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Difference of nerve impulse on muscle between somatic motor and autonomic motor?
excitatory for somatic motor, and either excitatory or inhibitory for autonomic motor
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T/F Somatic motor has ganglia
False
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T/F: Autonomic motor has ganglia.
True
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what nervous system is it when it has 2 neuron branch of the efferent or motor nerve system?
Autonomic
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The 4 types of different adrenergic receptors
- alpha 1: generalized vasoconstriction (phospholipase C)
- alpha 2: takes back the NOR, so inhibitory (adenylyl cyclase)
- beta 1: excitatory (on heart mainly)
- beta 2: inhibitory
- Both beta receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase and result in an increase in cyclic AMP
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Exception:
T/F: Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine as the hormone into the blood rather than norepinephrine.
True.
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T/F: Alpha 1 and 2 show greater affinity for Norepinephrine than epinephrine
True
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