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what is phagocytosis
process where cells engulf
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what is a differential wbc count
exam to check % of wbc
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plasma makes up how much of the blood volume
55%
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what gives blood its rich color
erythrocytes
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what are leukocytes
- wbc
- have nucleui and are colorless
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explain what a shift to the left is
bandemia-an increase in the number of band neutrophils
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what is a Schilling test
- shows malasorption of vitamin B12
- test for pernicious anemia
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where are the adults erthrocytes produced
red bone marrow
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what is the normal blood value for eosinophils
1-4%
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how many mL of blood does the spleen store and can be released in emergencies
500mL
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inadequate absorption of ___ results in pernicious anemia
B12
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what is the normal blood value for lymphocytes
20-40%
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explain a plan of care for a pt with multiple myeloma
encourage fluid intake 3-4L a day to dilute calcium load
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a pt has just been diagnosed with leukemia. give 2 nursing diagnoses that would be most appropriate
- ineffective coping
- chronic pain
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what value is most indicative of iron deficiency anemia
- hemoglobin of 8 or lower
- hematocrit below normal
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what do iron supplements do to the stools
pt will understand stools will be discolored
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what is aplastic anemia
the activity of bone marrow is depressed
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what is sickle cell anemia? who can get it?
yes in her race, 1 out of 500 have it
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if neutrophils are 10% with agranulocytosis, what would be the most important nursing intervention
avoid infection
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what is idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura? if the platelet count is 18,000mm3 what would be the most appropriate nursing diagnosis
institute bleeding precautions
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what is DIC
acquired hemo? syndrome of a cloting cascade
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what a pt has pruritus with Hodgkins's, an appropriate nursing intervention to relieve the symptoms would be to
soothing bath with antipruritus medication
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what are Reed-Sternberg cells
fatigue, pruritus, painless, cervical lymph nodes
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pts with pernicious anemia must receive injections of ____ for the rest of their life.
Vitamin B12
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a pt with thrombocytopenia needs to be on what kind of precautions
prevent trauma and falling
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petechia and ecchymoses are seen in what type of hematological disease
thrombocytopenia and hemaphilia A
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what is the tx of polycythemia vera
- removal of 500-2000 of blood
- therapeutic phebotomy
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what type of symptoms is seen in leukemia
- pain in bones and joints
- malaises
- irritability
- fatigue
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what is the primary pathophysiologic feature of polycythemia vera
increase RBC, hyperviscosity, blood gets thick
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what is the most important measure in preventing transmission of pathogens to patients? especially with decreased bone marrow function
handwashing
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what is the life span of an erythrocyte
120 days
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older adults with colonic diverticula, hiatal hernia, ulcerations that can cause occult bleeding can need to be watched for _____ _____ anemia
iron deficiency
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administer blood products with caution because older adults are at increased risk of developing_______. the nurse needs to assess ________ and ______ and _____.
- congestive heart failure
- input
- output
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how are the tissues and cells affected when a pt has anemia
- decrease RBC
- hemoglobin and hematocrit
- decrease amount of oxygen
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specimens from twins, siblings, or self (autologous) while in remission would be the
best adequate bone marrow transplant person
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where is the spleen located, and what is its main functions
- LUQ below diaphragm
- reservoir for blood
- forms lymphocytes, monocytes and plasma
- destroy worn out RBCs
- remove bacteria by phagocytosis
- produce RBC before birth
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