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What is a linear or translatory motion produced by a series of rotary mvmts of the joints of the body?
locomotion
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What is a gait cycle?
initial heel contact of on LE to the next heel contact of the same extremity
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What is the initial ground contact of one LE and continues until that LE is no longer in contact with the ground?
stance phase
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What occurs from the instant of toe off until heel strikes the gound (ground contact)?
swing phase
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What is double limb support?
when one limb is in the beginning of stance and the other is ending stance
occurs twice in a gait cycle
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What is the distribution of time during the stance phase?
60% of the cycle
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What is the distribution of time during the swing phase?
40% of the cycle
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What is the distribution of time for double limb support?
20-22%
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What does RLA stand for?
rancho los amigos
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In traditional gait, what is the sequence of the stance phase?
- heel strike
- foot flat
- midstance
- heel off
- toe off
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In traditional gait, what is the sequence of the swing phase?
- acceleration
- mid swing
- deceleration
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In RLA, what is the stance phase of the gait cycle?
- initial contact
- loading response
- midstance (single limb support)
- terminal stance
- pre-swing
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In RLA, what is the swing phase of the gait cycle?
- initial swing
- mid swing
- terminal swing
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What is the RLA loading response time frame?
from initial contact until the opposite extremity is off the ground
ends at foot flat, loading weight to other limb
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What is the RLA terminal stance time frame?
end of midstance to initial contact of the opposite leg/heel
shifting weight
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What isthe RLA time frame for pre-swing?
initial contact of opposite leg or heel to just before the toe leaves the ground
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What is the RLA time frame of the inital swing?
begins when toe leaves the ground until maximum knee flexion occurs on the reference leg
toe off to knee flex
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What is the RLA mid swing time frame?
from maximum knee flexion until tibia is vertical
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What is the RLA terminal swing time frame?
from vertical tibia just prior to initial contact
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What is the stance phase time of one leg during a gait cycle?
stance time
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What is the time when one leg is supporting body weight during a gait cycle?
single support time
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What is the amt of time that both feet are on the ground during the gait cycle?
double support time
as speed increases double support time decreases
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What is the length the reference leg travels from heel strike to heel strike?
stride length
distance traveled during one gait cycle
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What is the time required to perform on stride length?
stride duration
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What is the distance between 2 successive points of contact of opposite extremities (right heel strike to left heel strike)?
step length
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What is the time spent during a single step?
step duration
on a weak or painful leg, the step duration may decrease
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What is cadence?
- number of steps per unit of time
- shorter steps will increase cadence at any velocity
- increased cadence will decrease double support time
- slow walking = 70/min
- fast walking = 130/min
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What is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time?
acceleration
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What is the width of BOS?
from mid heel to mid heel
2-4 inches
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How many degrees of tow out is normal?
7 degrees
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What provides counterbalance while walking?
arm swing
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What is a painful gait called, and what causes it?
antalgic gait
weakness, inflammation, injury, joint deformities
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What is vertical displacement of COG?
lowest point of the COG during one gait cycle is during double support
highest point occurs at midstance
normal displacement is 2 inches
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What is lateral displacement of COG?
horizontal displacement of COG as body weight shifts from side to side
greatest during the single-support phase of gait at midstance
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What is the horizontal dip of the pelvis?
- lateral pelvic tilt
- pelvic drops slightly on the NWB side during swing phase
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What muscles work to help keep the pelvic level?
hip abductors contract on the opposite side and erector spinae contracts on the same side
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What degree of knee flexion during the stance phase is normal?
15-20 degrees
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