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what is hypersensitivity?
when the immune system does harm in reacting to antigen
What is sensitization?
describes increasing reaction to allergen per exposure
What is an allergen?
antigen
What type is an immediate reaction to an allergy?
type 1 allergy
What antibodies are related to Type 1 allergens?
IgE
Where are IgE antibodies found?
on surface of basophils
on surface of mast cells
Where are mast cells found?
in the subcutaneous tissue
in airways
What do IgE antibodies usually target?
parasitic worms
What does the allergen stimulate in a person?
IgE antibodies attached to basophils and mast cells
What happens when basophils and mast cells are stimulated?
they release chemicals causing swelling
What chemicals do basophils and mast cells release when theyre stimulated?
histamine
prostaglandins
leukotreins
What kind of reaction occurs systemically?
type 1, immediate
What 2 problems happen with an immediate allergy?
anaphylactic shock
bronchiospasms
What is a systemic type 1 reaction called?
anaphylactic shock
What happens when basophils are stimulated in the blood stream causing anaphylactic shock?
blood vessels dialate
blood pressure drops
brain loses blood
What happens when there is fluid in the airways of bronchioles causing constriction, eventually suffocation?
bronchiospasms
What are 2 tests done to determine if someone has allergies?
blood test for many IgE
skin test prick of allergens
What are 2 methods of prevention of type 1 allergic reactions?
avoid allergens
allergy shots
How can you treat a type 1 allergic reaction after being exposed to the allergen?
epinephrine
What 2 things does epinephrine do to reverse anaphylactic shock and bronchispasms?
dilates bronchioles
constricts blood vessels
What are 3 types of localized type 1 reactions?
hay fever
asthma
hives
What is the type 1 reaction where allergens are inhaled and stay in the upper respiratory?
hay fever
What is the type 1 reaction where allergens are inhaled and go deeper than the upper respiratory?
asthma
What is the type 1 reaction where allergens are ingested?
hives
What types of allergic reaction involved IgM and IgG antibodies?
type 2
type 3
What do IgG antibodies activate?
complement proteins
What are 3 examples of type 2 allergic reactions?
whole blood transfusions
Rh incompatibility (pregnancy)
Myasthenia Gravis
What antigens are found on AB blood?
A and B antigens
What 4 things happen when the wrong blood is given to someone?
foreign RBCs in blood
IgM and IgG detect antigens
antibodies activate complement
complement perform cytolysis on foreign RBCs
What 2 things happen when Rh- mom bears RH + baby?
IgG cross placenta
IgG attack baby RBCs
What medicine is used to inhbit Rh incompatibility?
RhoGAM
What is the name for type 1 allergic reactions?
anaphylactic (immediate)
What is the name for type 2 allergic reactions?
cytoxic
What is type of allergic reaction is immune complex reactions?
type 3
What type of allergic reaction is cell mediated (delayed) reactions?
type 4
What are 4 type 4 reactions?
1. Glomerulonephritis
2. Rheumatic Fever
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis*
4. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / SLE / Lupus *
What2 things can happens when a person has continuous untreated reoccurences of strep throat?
glomerulonephritis
rheumatic fever
Why do IgG and IgMs attack kidney tissue after so many strep throat cases in one person?
Antibody receptors much like the identification on kidney tissue
What 2 tissues have similiar identification on their cell surface as strep pyogenes?
heart valve tissue
kidney tissue
What is it called when antibodies are made to attack disease and attack self tissues instead?
cross reaction (autoimmune)
What mechanisms are involved in type 4 reactions?
t helper cells in their cell mediated role
What is t helper cell's role in cell mediated immunity?
stimulate macrophages to increase in size and attract more to site
What are 2 type 4 reactions?
contact dermatitis
transplant rejection
What is type 4 excess inflammation of the skin called?
contact dermatitis
What is contact dermatitis treated with?
anti inflammatories
What are 2 side effects of receiving transplant antirejection medication?
high risk of infection and cancer
What 2 transplants are rejected by the body?
allograph and xenographs
What are 4 types of transplants?
Autograft
Isograft
Allograft
Xenograft
What 2 transplants are not rejected by the body?
autograft
isograft
What transplant is frmo an identical twin?
isograft
What transplant is from your self?
autograft
What transplant is from someone outside of yourself or twin?
allograft
What transplant is from an animal?
xenograft
What are 2 types of immunosupression?
hypogammaglobulinemia
agammaglobulinemia
What immunosuppression is a genetic disorder where someone doesn't have enough antibodies in the blood stream and can't fight off infections?
hypogammaglobulinemia
What immunosupression is a genetic disorder where a person is inable of making antibodies?
agammaglobulinemia
How is agammaglobulinemia treated?
routine antibody shots
artificial passive
Author
eingram
ID
149185
Card Set
17microLec
Description
lec
Updated
2012-04-22T04:28:28Z
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