Chapter 3

A nurse assesses that a client has +3 edema of the feet and ankles. The nurse realizes that this edema is occurring because of a build-up of fluid within the interstitial spaces of the lower extremities. Fluids within the interstitial spaces are also called.

A nursing instructor teaches nursing students about passive transport. The instructor states that diffusion is a passive process where molecules move across the cell membrane without the use of chemical energy. The instructor should also inform the students that diffusion involves the movement of molecules from:

A client has a nasogastric tube that is attached to low suction. For which acid-base imbalance is this client most at risk?

A physician orders lactated Ringer's solution (275mOsm) for a client. A nurse, understanding the principles of osmosis, know that this solution will:

A nurse analyzes a client's laboratory data and notes an increase in serum sodium, a decrease in potassium, an elevated hematocrit, and an increase in blood urea nitrogen. Based on this information, which condition should the nurse anticipate in this client? (select all)

A dehydrated client requires intrvenous (IV) fluid replacement. A physician orders an isotonic that has an osmolarity similar to that of blood plasma. A nurse administers 0.9 NaCL (normal saline) because the osmolarity of this isotonic solution is:

In reviewing a lab report, a nurse notes that a client has a potassium level of 6.0 meq/L. For which electrocardiogram (ECG) change should the client be monitored?

A client presents to an emergency department with confusion, a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute, blood pressure 100/70 mmHg, and a previous admission for renal failure. The client's arterial blood gases reveal a pH of 7.32, a HCO3 of 20 mEq/l, and a PaCO2 of 34 mmHg. which imbalance should a nurse suspect?

A nurse in a long-term care facility is assessing the fluid colume status of clients. Which are acceptable methods of assessing fluid volume status in an elderly, aduilt client? (select all)

A pediactric nurse is preparing to administer a hypotonic intravenous (IV) solution to a child experiencing dehydration. a physician orders 0.5% normal salin (NS) intravenouslyat 100ml/hr. The nurse understands that infusion with a hypotonic IV solution will cause osmosis to occur. Osmosis is defined as the:

A nurse notes that a client is reporting episodes of nausea and headache. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. For which additional sign should the nurse assess to confirm this suspicion?

A client is admitted with a diagnosis of hypocalcemia. which clinical manifestations are indicative of this diagnosis? (select all)

Which nursing action would be most important after adding 20 mEq of potassium chloride to an IV bag of 1000 ml of 5% dextrose in water?

A nurse initiates a plasma infusion for a client diagnoses with a bleeding disorder. When performing the plasma infusion, the nurse understands that plasma protein help contain blood within the blood vessels by exerting which type of pressure?

A client, who has been experiencing vomiting and diarrhea for several days, is admitted to the hospital with a fluid volume deficit and numerous electrolyte imbalances. Which organs are involved in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance in the client's body?(select all)

A perioperative nurse is preparing a client for surgery. The nurse begins an intravenous (IV) infusion of Lactated Ringers solution at 150mL/hr per protocol. The nurse understands that Lactated Ringer's solution, which has an osmolarity (tonicity) of 275, is considered to be:

A nurse educator is teaching a nursing student about the active and passive transport of fluids across cell membranes. Which is a method of passive transport of fluids?

A nurse educatory is conducting an in-service presentation on electrolytes. Which group of electrolytes should the educatory refer to as being "positively charges"?

A nurse asesesses a client who has been experiencing vomiting and diarrhea for 3 days. Which assessment finding should indicate to the nurse that the client has a fluid colume deficit?

A client's weight has increased by 2 pounds in 1 day. a nurse calculates that this increase in weight means that the client has retained approximately ____ of fluid.

A 3 year old child is hospitalized because of persistent vomiting. For which condition should a nurse carefully monitor the child?

A nurse is administering intravenous potassium at a rate of 15 mEq/hr via a peripheral vein. When infusing potassium at this rate via this route, for which imbalance should the nurse monitor?

A client is hospitalized with manifestations of hyponatremia. After treatment, which lab value should indicate to a nurse that the client's hyponatremia has been corrected?

A multidisciplinary healthcare team is caring for a client diagnosed with hypercalcemia. Which treatments would be appropriate when treating this imbalance? (select all)

A client presents to an emergency department and is diagnosed with respiratory acidosis. A nurse caring for the client knows that respiratory acidosis may be caused by which conditions? (select all)

A nurse educator teaches a nursing student about fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Which body system is primarliy responsible for water balance?

An adult with a critically high serum potassium level recieves sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). When evaluating the client's lab results after administering the medication, which lab value should indicate to a nurse that treatment of the high serum potassium level has been effective?

A nurse is caring for multiple clients on a medical-surgical unit who have been receiving intravenous fluids. Which client is at the greatest risk for developing fluid volume excess?

A nurse is caring for an elderly, hospitalized client diagnosed with ephysema. The clientarterial blood gases reveal that the blood chemistry is lightly alkaline bus is considered physiologically neutral. To be considered physiologically neutral, or normal, what is the client's serum pH?

A nurse is caring for a 45 year old male client diagnosed with renal disease. The nurse weighs the client daily and carefully records the client's intake and output. When analyzing the client's data, the nurse correctly recalls that the percentage of bodily water weight for a healthy adult under age 60 is:

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which acid-base imbalance will this client most likely experience?

A nurse assesses a newly admitted client and notes fatigued muscles, reports of nausea and anorexia, irritability, and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse reviews the client
s laboratory reports, which reveal a serum chloride level of 92 mEq/L, a serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L, and a serum sodium level of 135 mEq/L. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect?

A nurse is caring for a client whohas been receiving diuretic therapy for congestive heart failure. The client has developed metabolic alkalosis (bicarbonate excess). which clinical manifestations would a nurse most likely note when assessing this client?

A nurse is caring for a client who has been experiencing prolonged vomiting prior to being adminitted to a hospital. The client has develiped metabolic alkalosis. Which are manifestations of alkalosis (bicarbonate excess)?

An intensive care nurse is implementing orders for an elderly client diagnosed with hypermagnesemia. What is the most likely cause of hypermagnesemia in this client?

A nurse documents an insensible fluid loss of approximately 700mL/day. The nurse understands that insensible fluid loss occurs through which route? (select all)

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments of the cell. Which electrolyte is the second most plentiful cation in th intracellular fluid compartment?

A client is diagnosed with third space syndrome. what should this diagnosis indicate to a nurse?

A physician orders that a client receives 0.9% sodium chlorid intravenously (IV) at 150 mL/hr. Which are characteristics of this IV solutions? (select all)

A trauma nurse admits multiple clients injured in an automobile accident. The nurse understands that, in order to remain in stable condition, each client must be able to achieve homeostasis. Homeostasis is defined as the:

A client's laboratory report indicates a serum potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L, which treatment would most effectively treat this imbalance?

A client in a critical care unit is experiencing drastic fluctuations inserum potassium. which sentinel event can occur if the cient's werum potassium level is less than 2.5 mEq/L or greater than 7.0 mEq/L?

a postoperative client has received an excessive amount of intravenous Lactated Ringer's solution. For which acid-base imbalance is this client most at risk?

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartment of the cell. Which is the major electrolye in the intracellular compartment?

The nurse administering 0.45% sodium chloride in 5% dextrose in water understands that this solution will hydrate the intravascular and intracellular spaces based on which of the following transport mechanisms?

you have just completed a physical assessment of a 68 year old man. He knows who he is but is unsure where he is (previous orientation normal). His eyes are sunken, his mouth is coated with an extra longitudinal furrow, and his lips are cracked. Hand vein filling takes more than 5 seconds, and tenting of the skin appears over the serum. His vital signs are blood pressure of 128/60 mmHg, pulse of 78, and respiratory rate of 16 (previously 150/78, 76, 16) Your assessment would lead you to suspect:

If the external temperature is 101 F (38.4 C) which of the following age groups is at highest risk for fluid volume deficit?

Which of the following could be the etiology for a nursind diagnosis of fluid volume excess? (select all)

Which of the following laboratory values are consistent with fluid volume deficit?

Flushing, lethargy, hypoactive, deep tendon relfexes, depressed respirations

Weakness, deep bone pain, pathologic fractures

Fatigue, headache, apprehension, serum Na+ 115 mEq/L

ECG with flat or inverted T wave, depressed ST segment

ECG with peaked narrow T wave, shortened QT interval, prolonged PR intercal followed by disappearance of P wave

Marked thirst, dry sticky mucous membranes, disorientation, chlorided may be elevated

Positive trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign, numbness of fingers

Treatment for a patient with metabolic alkalosis includes which of the following? (select all)

To correct metabolic acidosis, the parenteral fluid of choice is:

A nursing diagnosis that would be appropriate for the patient with calcium deficit would be:

An 80 year old frail man has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for several days. When he becomes weak and confused he is admitted to the hospital. The best indicator of the client;s rehydration status, the nurse would assess the client's: