Bio ch.26

The evolutionary history of a group of species or group of species

A discipline focused on classifying organisms adetermining their evolutionary relationships

How organisms are named and classified

The two part format of a biological name

The first part of a binomial

Species, genus, family,order,class,phylum,kingdom,domain

The named taxonomical unit at any level of the hierarchy

A branchingdiagram that represents a hypothesis aboutthee evolutionary history of a groupoff organisms

Proposed system of classification oforganisms based on evolutionary relationships. Only groups that include a common ancestor and all of its descendants are named

The divergence of two or more taxa from a common ancestor

Groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor

A branch point within the tree represents the most common ancestors of all taxa in the tree

A lineage that diverges early in the history of a group

A branch point from which more than two descendant groups emerge

Similiaritybetween two species that is due to convergent evolution rather than to descent from a common ancestor with the same trait

An similiar analogous structure or molecular sequence that has evolved independently in two species

The discsupine that uses data from DNA and other molecules to determine evolutionary relationships

An approach to systematics in which organisms are placed into groups called clades based primarily on common descent

A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants

Pertaining to a group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. A monophyletic taxon is equivalent to a clade

Consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all of its descendants

includes taxa with different ancestors

A character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon

an evolutionary novelty unique to a clade

a species or group of species from an evoutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that includes the species we are studying

a species or groups of species whse evolutionary relationships we seek to determine

A principle that states that when considering multiple explanations for an observation, one should first investigate the simplest explanation that is consistent with facts

The given certain probablity that rules about how DNA sequences change over time, a tree can be found that reflects the most likely sequence of evolutionary events

Homologous genes that are found in different species because of speciation

Homologous genes that are found in the same genome as a result of gene duplication

A method for estimating the time required for a given amount of evolutionary change, based on the observation that some regions of genomes evolve at constant rates

The hypothesis that much evolutionary change in genes and proteins has no effect on fitness and therefore is not influenced by natural selction

The transfer of genes from one genome to another through mechanisms such as transposable elements, plasmid exchange, viral activity, and perhaps fusions of different organsims.