A&P-5

50trillion

~200 cell types in human body

• Epithelial
• connective
• Nervous
• Muscular

the cells they contain as well as how the cells are organized into tissues

structure with discrete boundarise composed of 2+ (often all 4) tissues

a.k.a microscopic anatomy--study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs

group of similar cells anc cell products that arise formt he same region of hte embryo and work together to perform a specific structural or physiological role

extracellular material which surrounds the cells (within a tissue) composed of fibers and ground substance

• clear gel often found within matrix (a.k.a. tissue fluid, extracellular fluid--ECF, or interstitial fluid) containing water, gases, minerals, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and other chemicals.
• clear gel often found within matrix (a.k.a. tissue fluid, extracellular fluid--ECF, or interstitial fluid)

clear gel often found within matrix (a.k.a. ground substance, extracellular fluid--ECF, or interstitial fluid) containing water, gases, minerals, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and other chemicals.

clear gel often found within matrix (a.k.a. tissue fluid, ground substance, or interstitial fluid) containing water, gases, minerals, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and other chemicals.

clear gel often found within matrix (a.k.a. tissue fluid, extracellular fluid--ECF, or ground substance) containing water, gases, minerals, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and other chemicals.

Initial 3 strata formed in an embryo: extoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Outer layer of primary germ layers that gives rise to epidermis and nervous system

Innermost of primary germ layers giving rise to mucous membrandes of the digestive and respiratory tracts and to the digestive glands, among others

Middle layer of primary germ layers containing moore loosely organized cells which eventually turns to a gelatinous tissue called mesenchyme

• arrisinge from the mesoderm which containes fine, wispy collagen (protein
• fimers and branching mesenchymal cells

blod, etc.

• preparations mounted on microscope slides generally artificially colored to
• bring out detail

formalin) which preserves tissues to prevent decay

• into a 2D slice one or two cells thick to allow the light of a microscope to
• pass thorough--so that the image is not comfused by too many layers of
• overlapping cells

• which bind differently to different componenet of a tissue in order to
• differentiate between cell types

• slice is taken through tissue--important to consider when mentally
• reconstructing a 2D image (e.g. a meandering uterus gland--[pic])

the long direction (e.g. the length of the humerus

section (t.s.); a cut perpendicular to the long axis

angle

• prepartion in which the tisse is rubbed or spread across a slide rather than
• sliced (e.g. liquid tissue--blood, soft tissuue--spinal cord)

• preparation in which tissue is laid out on a slide (as if placing a small
• square of tisse paper or a tuft of lint) used for membranes and cobwebby
• tissue such as areolar tissue

• adhereing cells, 1+ cells thick, with surface generally exposed to the
• environment or an internal space

• adhereing cells, 1+ cells thick, with surface generally exposed to the
• environment or an internal space

• surface, lines body cavities, forms external and internal linings of many
• organs, contitutes most gland tissue

secretion, excretion, absorptin, filtration, sensation

• tissues form invation/injury/infection (e.g.--stomach lining protects from
• stomach acid and enzymes

seat, enzymes hormones, most other secretions

• the tissues( e.g. CO2 across pulmonary epithelium and bile form liver
• epithelium)

• from adjacent medium; (e.g. nearly all nutrients absorbed through epithelium
• of small intestine

• substances leaving the blood are sleectively filtered thorugh the blood
• vessels' epithelium; all urinary waste is filtered through epithelia of
• kidneys

• provided with nerve endings that sense stimulation( e.g. touch on skin,
• irritation of stomach)

• almost always lie on vessel-rich layer of loose connective tissue (gives
• nutrients and waste removal)

• cellular w/very thin extracellular material, cells closely packed (like
• bricks and mortar)

• the connective tissue typically show high mitosis rate which allows quick
• repair

• epithelium and underlying connective tissue containing collagen,
• glycoproteins, other protein-carbohydrate complexes; it blends into the
• proteins of the underlying connective tissue

• to connective tissue, regulates exchange of materials, binds growth factors
• that regulate epithelial development

epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane

• facing a way from basement membrane toward internal cavity (lumen) of an
• organ

• simple squamous
• simple cuboidal
• simple columnar
• pseudostratified coulmnar

• columnar and produce protective mucous coatings over the mucous membranes;
• expanded apical end (giving it its wineglass shape) is filled w/secretory
• vesicles whose product absorbs/mixes w/water to create mucus

• cell layers with only the deepest attached to basement membrane; named
• according to surface/apical cell: stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal,
• stratified columnar, transistional