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What does the shoulder complex consist of?
- scapula
- clavicle
- sternum
- humerus
- rib cage
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What joints are included in the shoulder complex?
- sternoclavicular joint
- acromioclavicular joint
- glenohumeral joint
- scapulothoracic articulation
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What is included in the shoulder girdle?
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What is included in the shoulder jt?
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Which of the shoulder complex joints is not technically a joint and why?
scapulothoracic articulation
not directly attached, but does provide motion/mvmt and flexibility
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How is the scapula attached to the trunk?
by ligaments to clavicle and muscles to trunk
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Where is the scapula located?
- between ribs 2 and 7
- spine of scapula at T3 or T4
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What landmark on the scapula is the attachment for the levator scapula?
superior angle
top pointy part
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What is the point that determines scapular rotation?
inferior angle
bottom pointy part
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What is the landmark of the scapula for the rhomboid and serratus ant. attachment?
vertebral border
side closest to vertebrae
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What landmark is on the side opposite of the vertebrae (more lateral)?
axillary border
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What is the scapula landmark for the middle and lower trapezius attachment?
spine
pokey out part on back
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What is the pectoralis major (coracobrachialis) attachment?
coracoid process
behind/below the scapula; smaller than the acromion
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What is the upper trapezius attachement?
acromion process
biggest projection off spine
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What does the humerus articulate with?
glenoid fossa
divot
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What connects the upper extremity to the axial skeleton at the sternoclavicular jt, and connects to scapula at the acromioclavical jt?
clavicle
sternal end, acromial end, body
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What is the attachment for the clavicle and attaches to costal cartilages of ribs?
sternum
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
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What joint is easily traumatized, and what type of joint is it?
acromioclavicular jt (AC jt)
synovial, plane shaped, gliding motion occurs at all planes (nonaxial)
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Where is the acromioclavicular joint located?
lateral end of clavicle joining with the acromion process
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What types of gliding motion does the acromioclavicular jt have?
upward and downward rotation
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What are the 3 ligaments of the acromioclavicular jt?
- acromioclavicular ligament
- coracoclavicular ligament
- coracoacromial ligament
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What AC ligament prevents posterior dislocation of clavicle?
acromioclavicular ligament
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What is the strongest AC ligament the binds the clavicle to the scapula and gives stability?
coracoclavicular ligament
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What are the 2 parts of the coracoclavicular ligaments?
conoid - medial
trapezoid - lateral
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What AC ligament provides a roof over the head of the humerus?
coracoacromial ligament
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What are the available motions at the shoulder girdle?
- elevation/depression
- protraction/retraction
- upward/downward rotation (angular motion)
- scapular tilt (hyperextension)
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What is the only direct attachment of the shoulder girdle to the trunk?
sternoclavicular jt
synovial, plane, gliding
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What is between the sternoclavicular jt that acts as a shock absorber and prevents dislocation?
articular disc
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What are the 5 mm. of the shoulder girdle?
- trapezius
- levator scapulae
- rhomboids
- serratus anterior
- pectoralis minor
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What are the articular surfaces of the glenohumeral joint?
humeral head articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula
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What are the motions of the GH joint?
- flex/ext/hyperextension
- abd/add
- IR/ER
- horizontal abd/add
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What fossa is on the anterior portion of the scapula and is the attachment for the subscapularis m.?
subscapular fossa
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What foss of the scapula is posterior, below the spine, and is the attachment for the infraspinatus m.?
infraspinous fossa
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What fossa of the scapula is posterior, above the spine, and the attachment for the supraspinous m.?
supraspinous fossa
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The axillary border of the scapula is the attachment for what mm.?
teres major and minor
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The acromion process of the scapula is the attachment for what m.?
middle deltoid
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What is the fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the glenoid fossa?
labrum
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How do you tell if a humerus is ant/post?
- the hole on the distal end goes in the back
- rounded head goes into fossa
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On the humerus, what separates the head from the tubercles?
anatomical neck
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Where on the humerus is the surgical neck?
below the tubercles
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Where is the greater tubercle of the humerus?
lateral to the head
attachment for supraspinous, infraspinous, teres minor
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Where is the lesser tubercle of the humerus located?
- anteriorly
- attachment for subscapularis
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What is another name for bicipital groove and where is it located?
- intertubercular groove
- inbetween greater and lesser tubercles
longhead biceps, medial latissimus dorsi, teres minor, lateral pectoralis major
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What are the 2 ligaments of the GH joint?
- coracohumeral
- glenoid labrum
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What is the GH ligament that attaches from the coracoid to medial side of the greater tubercle of the humerus and helps strengthen the jt capsule?
coracohumeral ligament
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Where is the glenoid labrum ligament?
- fibrous tissue surrounding glenoid fossa
- deepens articular cavity
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What are the 2 bursae of the GH joint?
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Where is the subdeltoid bursa located?
between the deltoid and jt capsule
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Where is the subacromial bursa located?
below acromion and coracoacromial ligament and between the jt capsule
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What are the mm. of the rotator cuff?
- subscapular -lesser tubercule
- infraspinous -greater tubercle
- teres minor -greater tubercle
- supraspinous -greater tubercle
SITS
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What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?
first 30 degrees of shoulder jt mvmt is pure GH mvmt
*if abducting, humeral head must depress, must laterally rotate to achieve full abduction
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What do the deltoid and rotator cuff work together to do?
abduct fully
rotator cuff - 3 mm. - subscapular, infraspinous, teres minor
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