Superimposed layers of rock made by the compression of new layers over old layers
Paleontology
The study of fossils
Catrastrophism
The principle that events in the past occurred suddenly and were caused by mechanism different from those operating in the present
Uniformitarianism
Mechanisms of change are constant over time
Adaptations
Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific enviroments
Natural selection
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits
Artificial selection
Humans modifying species by selecting and breeding individuals that posses desired traits
Homology
Similarity resulting from common ancestry
Homologous structures
Variations on a structural theme that was present in their common ancestor
Vestigial structure
Remnants of features that served important functions in the organism's ancestors
Evolutionary tree
A diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms
Convergent evolution
The indepentdent evolution of similar features in different lineages
Analogous
Features that share similar function but not common ancestry