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What is abduction?
movement away from the midline of body
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The muscle that is fan-shaped that covers the anterior chest and is an adductor muscle. It causes the shoulder to flex.
pectoralis major
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What is an MRI and why is it used?
it is used to detect large abnormalities of the brain
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What is unicompartmental knee arthroplasty?
partial knee replacement
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What is phantom pain? Why does it occur?
below knee amputation with pain in toes; nerves are still sending messages
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What are nursing interventions involving a hip prothesis?
keep legs abducted when turning every 2 hours
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What is volkmann's contracture? Is it permanent? What causes it? What is compartment syndrome? How should compartment syndrome? How should compartment syndrome be treated?
look for cyanosis, coolness, and pallor
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What kind of nursing assessment (describe) would you do to assess a pt who has had ORIF?
s/s of infection
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What is callus formation? What is the difference between osteoblast and osteoclast?
* its healing
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What are the s/s of carpel tunnel? Who is at risk?
burning pain, tingling in hands
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How would you describe phantom pain to a pt?
normal b/c nerve tracks continue to send messages to brain
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Why would you assess capillary refill and blanching on a pt with fx tib/fib?
good circulation; atrial and peripheral
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What is a fat embolus? Who is more prone to getting a fat embolus?
break of bone forces molecules of fat into the bloodstream
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1st priority for an impending fat embolism is to administer
oxygen
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What is a Buck's traction? When is it applied?
* comfort and support before surgery
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What is primary medical mgmt for soft tissue injuries
RICE--rest, ice compression, and elevate
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Why is coumadin or heparin given prophylactically?
to decrease risk of thrombus formation
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What is gout?
* tophi--uric acid crystals
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What nursing interventions are important for a pt with RA?
rest 8 hrs at nigh and take naps for fatigue
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Why is rest important for pts with RA?
therapy for fatigue
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What are s/s of gout?
edema and discoloration of big toe
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What is chronic osteomyellitis? Why is it imperative that trauma be avoided if possible?
infection of bone and bone marrow; teach pt to avoid trauma
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When is a tetanus toxoid admin? How is it admin?
* compound fx of femur; given IM
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What should be assessed when planning ways to increase a pts safety who has had an intertrochanteric fx:
* older pt; assess pre-existing health conditions
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What is a hemiarthroplasty? What are nursing interventions for a pt who has had a hemiarthroplasty?
no crossing or hyperextending legs
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What are nursing interventions for pts with total hip replacement?
insertive spirometer
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Pallor, coolness, and decrease in capillary refill to hand and fingers post fx indicates?
compartment syndrome
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What the s/s of postop shock? What is the recommeded position for shock?
* flat, supine position
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What should a nurse do for a pt in shock postop?
give oxygen
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What is lordosis?
increased lumbar curvature
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What is the difference b/t RA and osteoarthritis?
- RA-autoimmune
- OA-degenerative
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Who is at the highest risk for osteoarthritis?
white and asian women
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What is densitometry testing? How do you prevent osteoporosis?
take Ca and exercise
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What foods have the highest concentration of purines? Who would this affect?
organ meats (brain), beans, liver, kidney
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What is immediate mgmt for any fx?
splint and elevate
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What foods are high in Ca?
broccoli and yogurt
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What exercises would you recommend for osteoarthritis of hip or knee?
ride bike short distances
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What are pathological fx? Who is at highest risk?
fracture for no reason; people on prolonged bed rest and cancer pts
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What is the main purpose of traction?
align, stabilize, and provide muscle spasm relief
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What are the s/s of an impaired neurovascular system following a musculoskeletal trauma?
slow capillary refill, unrelieved pain, dim to absent pulses
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