-
name the fxn of the cremaster muscle:
- when it is cold: contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm
- when it is warm: relaxes and the testes are suspended farther from the body
-
name the fxn of the dartos muscle:
- smooth muscle
- when it is cold: contracts so that the scrotum becomes taut and wrinkled, holds the testes against the warm body
- reduces the surface area of the scrotum, reducing heat loss
-
name the fxn of the pampiniform plexus:
- network of veins from the testis
- countercurrent heat exchanger: prevents warm arterial blood from heating the testis and inhibiting sperm production
- removes heat from arterial blood, so by the time it reaches the testis the blood is cooled 1.5 to 2.5 degrees than core body temp
-
name the fxn of the leydig cells:
the source of testosterone
-
name the fxn of sertoli cells:
- protect germ cells and promote development
- nurtients, waste removal, growth factors and other needs for germ cells
- secrete inhibin
-
describe the composition of semen:
10% sperm and spermatic duct sercetions
- 30% prostatic fluid
- thin, milky, white fluid
- calcium
- citrate
- phosphate ions
- serine protease (PSA) - protein hydolyzing enzyme
- a clotting enzyme -activates prosemenogelin
- 60% seminal vesical fluid viscous yellowish fluid
- fructose
- other carbohydrates
- citrate
- prostaglandins
- prosemenoglein - gets converted to semenogelin (sticks to walls of vagina, semen does not drain back)
-
The corpus cavernosum is labeled by the letter ___ in the image.
O
P
Q
R
S
Q
-
the cervix is labeled by the letter ___ in the image.
V
W
X
Y
Z
W
-
Put the following in the correct order as sperm travel from the testes to outside the body:
vas deferens
seminiferous tubule
urethra
epididymis
prostate gland
- seminferous tubule
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- prostate gland
- urethra
-
The ______________ is a network of veins that helps cool the blood going to the testes.
epididymis
pampiniform plexus
corpus spongiosum
corpus cavernosa
seminiferous tubules
pampiniform plexus
-
The specific stage used to describe when semen is expelled from the body is:
Emission
Erection
Expulsion
Ejaculation
Expulsion
-
The release of a mature oocyte from its follicle is called:
ovulation
oogenesis
fertilization
menstruation
folliculogenesis
ovulation
-
Ovulation results from a/an __________ release of estrogen from the growing follicle that leads to an increase in ___________.
increased; progesterone
decreased; GnRH
decreased; progesterone
decreased; LH and FSH
increased; LH and FSH
increased; LH and FSH
-
During which phase of the menstrual cycle is progesterone secretion highest?
proliferative phase
luteal phase
follicular phase
menstrual phase
secretory phase
secretory phase
-
lable the cervix
lable the vagina
lable the uterus(fundus)
lable the clitoris
- cervix: W
- vagina: Y
- uterus (fundus): X
- clitoris: Z
-
labe the epididymis
lable the galns penis
label the testis
lable the prostate
lable the corpus cavernosum
- epididymis: P
- glans penis: R
- testis: S
- prostate: O
corpus cavernosum: Q
-
breifly explain what occurs during erection:
- deep artery of the penis dilates; erectile tissues engorge with blood
- trabecular muscle of erectile tissues relax; allows engorgement of erectile tissues
- bulbourethral gland secretes bulbourethral fluid
-
brefily explain what occurs druring emission:
- ductus deferens exhibits peristlasis; sperm moved into amuplla, amuplla contracts, sperm is moved into the urethra
- prostate secretes components of the seminal fluid
- seminal vesical secrete components of the seminal fluid
-
breifly explain what occurs during expulsion:
- prostate releases additional secretion
- seminal vesicles release additional secretion
- internal urethral sphincter contracts; urine is retained in the bladder
- bulbocavernosus muscles contract; and rhythmically compresses bulb and root of penis; semen is expelled (ejaculation occurs)
-
ejaculation=
emission + expulsion
-
deinfe spermatogenesis and describe the 3 principal events:
- the process of sperm production
- occurs in the seminiferous tubules
- 3 principal eventsdivison/remoldeling of large germ cells into four smaller
- reduction of chromosome number by one half
- shuffling of genes so that each chromosome of sperm carries new gene combinations
-
define oogenesis:
egg production
-
define fertilization:
when the sperm encounters the egg
-
define ovulation:
the rupture of the mature follicle and the release of its egg (oocyte)
-
define lactation:
the synthesis and ejection of milk from the mammary glands
-
describe the contorl of ovulation by pituitary and ovarian hormones:
- 1. maturing follicle secretes estradiol
- 2. estradiol stimulates the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
- 2a. estradiol stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete GnRH (stimulate AP)
- 2b. estradiol (and GnRH) stimulate AP to secrete LH and FSH
- 3. oocyte completes meiosis I; follicle rapidly enlarges and then ovulates
-
describe the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, including the general changes in hormone levels in each phase:
- development of ovarian follicles
- secretion primarily of estradiol
- coinsides with menstrual and proliferative phases
- as the follicle grows it secretes more estrogen
- increased estrogen causes the uterus to proliferate (proliferative phase)
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