chapter 17

hearing and equilibrium (balance)

smell and entrance for air into the body

carries air to the larynx and trachea, and food and drink to the esophagus

speech

brings air to the lungs

• adenoids
• one of three pairs of tonsils located in pharynx, also called pharyngeal tonsils; tonsils house large number of white blood cells that protect body by removing foreign invaders from air, food, and drink passing through pharynx

hearing

hearing

• ear
• responsible for hearing and equilibrium, divided into external, middle, and inner ear

cochlea

epiglottis

• larynx (voice box)
• located between pharynx and trachea; contains vocal cords that vibrate as air passes through them to produce sound

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

nose

ear

pharynx (throat)

nose

sinus

tonsils

• trachea (windpipe)
• tube that carries air from larynx to lungs; lined with mucous membrane that warms, moisturizes, and cleanes air

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

stomach

fungus

nerve

pus

smell

voice

surgical repair

hardening

narrowing

without

without

without

difficult

within

all

alongside

• captures sound waves and funnels them into external auditory canal
• lump of external skin and cartliage making up ear on side of head

• eardrum
• vibrates when struck by sound waves, vibration moves to three tiny bones in middle ear

hole leading into inside of ear

the three tiny bones (ossicles) in middle ear, conducts vibration across middle ear from tympanic membrane to oval window

membrane covered opening, movement initiates vibrations in fluid inside inner ear, vibrating fluid bends hair cells in cochlea, stimulating nerve endings

part of inner ear containing hair cells responsible for hearing; shaped like a coiled snail shell

sends message to brain from nerve endings stimulated by hair cells

organs for equilibrium in inner ear

cartilage flap that sits above larynx; rotates to cover larynx with each swallow; prevents food or drink from entering larynx and trachea

benign tumor of auditory nerve sheath; symptoms include tinnitus, headache, vertigo, and progressive hearing loss

hearing device surgically placed under skin behind ear; converts sound signals into magnetic impulses to stimulate auditory nerve

acute respiratory condition common in infants and children; symptoms include barking cough

inability to hear or having some degree of hearing impairment

medication to reduce nasal and sinus stuffiness and congestion

bacterial upper respiratory infection; characterized by fomation of thick membranous film across throat and high morality rate; rare now due to DPT vaccine

• (ET)
• inserting tube through mouth and into trachea; creates open upper respiratory airway

nosebleed

device used by persons with impaired hearing to amplify sound; also called an amplification device

• (OE)
• external ear infection; commonly caused by fungus; also called otomycosis; commonly known as swimmers ear

inflammation of inner ear; can affect both hearing and equilibrium; also called inner ear infection

• (OM)
• bacterial or viral infection of middle ear; common in children; often preceded by upper respriatory infection during which pathogens move from pharynx to middle ear through eustachian tube, commonly refered as a middle ear infection

bacterial infection of upper respiratory system; rare now due to DPT vaccine; commonly called whooping cough due to whoop sound made when coughing

ringing in the ears

dizziness

diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus

Ear Nose Throat