-
what is adaptive (specific) defense system?
-name the leukocytes involved
-3rd line of defense attacks particular foreign substances
-takes longer to react than innate system
-humoral- B cells
- cellular- T cells
-
2nd line of defense
- -antimicrobial proteins
- -inflammation
- -phagocytes
- -natural killer cells
- -fever
-
name the functions and components of the 1st line of defense
- skin, mucosae, and thier secretions
physical barrier to most microorganisms
-
cell mediated immunity
T cells provide defense against intracellular antigens
-
what is the innate ( nonspecific) defense system?
-name the leukocytes involved
- System responds quickly and cosists of a first line and second line of defense.
- WBC'S
-
humoral immunity
1st encounter between antigen and lymphocyte
usually occurs in spleen or lymph node
if a B cell antigen provokes humoral immune response
antibodies are produced
-
which WBC's are involved in humoral immunity?
B lymphocytes
mature in red bone marrow
-
which WBC's are involved in cell mediated immunity?
T lymphocytes
mature in thymus
-
what cells does the HIV virus attack
helper T cells
-
antigen
substances that can provoke an immune response
-
IGE antibodies
causes mast cells and basophils to release histamine
-
IGD antibodies
functions as a B cell receptor
-
IGG antibodies
crosses placenta barrier
comes from secondary and late primary responses
-
antibodies
AKA- immunoglobulins
secreted by plasma cells
capable of binding specifically with antigen deteted by B cells
-
-
natural active immunity
naturally acquired- response to a viral or bactereial infection
-
natural passive immunity
antibodies delivered to the fetus via placenta or breast milk
-
artificial active immunity
response to a vaccine
-
artificial passive immunity
- injection of serum ( gamma globulin)
- protection is immediate but body degrades with antibodies
-
respiratory membrane
alveolar and capillary walls fused to basement membranes
- sqaumous epitheleum
-
larynx
- -provides patent airway
- -route for air and food
- -voice produciton
-
pulmonary ventilation
- inspiration- gas flows into the lungs
- expiration- gas exits the lungs
-
external respiration
exchange of o2 and co2
-
-
nose ( nasal cavity)
- -provides airway for respiration
- -moistens and warms air
- -filters and cleans
- -resonating chamber for speech
- -houses olfactory receptors
-
-
-
alveoli
gas exchange occurs here
-
surfactant
reduces surface tension
-
what has the greatest stimulating effect on the respiratory center in the brain
increase of carbon dioxide
-
how is oxygen transported in the blood
bound to hemi part of RBC's
-
osmosis
Diffusion of a solvent (usually water molecules) through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
-
diffusion
The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.
-
active transport
When cells must move materials in an opposite direction - against a concentration gradient
-
filtration
The movement of water and solutes across the cell membrane due to hydrostatic pressure from the cardiovascular system.
-
what is used in the lungs for oxygen and CO2 exchange
-
list the enzymes that aid in carbohydratte digestion and give their source
-
list the enzymes that aid in protein digestion and give their source
-
list the enzymes that aid in lipid (fat) digestion and give their source
-
what are the plicae circulares and villi, where are they found and what are their functions
-
peristalsis, and how's it used in digestion
-
-
-
what types of digestion take splace in the mouth, stomach, small intestines, and large intestine
-
organs of the urinary system
-
-
glomerular capsule (bowman's capsule)
-
-
proximal convoluted tubule
-
-
distal convoluted capsule
-
juxtaglomerular apparatus
-
|
|