A & P

The science of the structure and interactions of matter

Amount of matter in any living organism or nonliving thing.

Anything that occupies space and has mass; made of elements

The smallest particle of an element that can exist, they are neutral. Made of subatomic particles proton,s neutrons, electrons.

Bear a postive electricle charge

Electrically neutral and equal to the nucleus

Bear a negative electrical charge, much lighter than protons, 1/1836th the size of a proton. Move around the nucleus and create energy shells

Considered to have no mass, the outer shell electrons determine chemical properties of atom. What is the shell.

Can't be broken down any further by normal chemical means. equally balanced neither positive or negative. 26 in the juman body

The simplest element 1 proton and 1 electron an no neutrons

Oxygen (O)
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Nitrogen (N)

Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Sodium (Na)
Chlorine (Cl)
Magnesium (Mg)

Calcium (Ca)

Magnesium (Mg)

An atom that has either given up or gained electrons

Negatively charged ion, it has gained an electron/ negative charge

Positively charged ion, it has lost and electron/negatively charge

2 or more atoms share electron and may be the same element

2 or more different elements, can be molecules or ions
ex.
HCl (compound, ionic compound, acid)
NaCl (compound, ionic compound, salt)

Atoms gain or lose 1 or more electrons, creates an cation or anion. It dissociate into acids, bases, or salts when dissolved in water

Share 1 or more pairs of electrons
Usually single double and triple

Slight negative and slight positive ends
Water slight positive H is attracted to slight positive

Polar covalent bonds that connect molecules containing H to other molecules. Most common place is where H2O molecules are held together. It also Holds DNA strands together

Atoms that share the electrons equally, always exist between 2 identical atoms

Carbon dioxide

Bicarbonate ion

Carbonic Acid

Sodium Chloride

Hydrogen Ion

Oxygen molecule

Breaks down into H+ and something else

Breaks down into OH- ion (hydroxide) and something else

Breaks down into substances that are not H+ or OH-

Breaks down when dissolved in water