Astro Test 3

full spectrum; with neither dark absorbtion nor bright emmision lines,

electromagnetic radiation; spread into its component wavelengths or colors.

spectrum of bright lines where little or no radiation is admitted

opposite of emmision spectrum, spectrum which certian wavelengths are darker than wavelengths the missing wavelengths are absorbed by atoms or molecules.

low pressure and low density

orbits outside earths orbit; Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto

Mercury, Venus; inside earths orbit

small in size; earth, venus, mars, mercury

Jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune; Large in size

study of spectrum

emmission spectra lines define the gas

• 1. continuous spectrum
• 2. emmission spectrum
• 3. absorption line spectrum

contituous spectra; sources emit light in a way that the intensity changes smoothly with wavelengths and all colors are present

emmission spectra; the atoms are hot enough to have exited electrons to energy levels to emit light

Absorption spectra; when a hot gas goes thru a cooler gas between it an the observer.

Pluto, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn and Jupiter

mercury, venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto.

mercury, venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto.

negatively charged sub atomic particle

postivly charged sub atomic particle

no electic charge sub atomic particle

sub microscopic particle with a nucleus and orbiting electrons

postively or negatively charged atom

has more nuetrons but same number of protons in the nucleus

2 or more atoms bonded to a single particle

levels that an electron can occupy.

stimulation or exciting the atom by addition of photons/electrons

to remove 1 or nore electrons from the atom leaving it with a positive electric charge

earth, mercury, venus, mars, Moon, pluto, Neptune, Jupiter, Sun, Uranus, Saturn

• Kelvin temperature is directly proportional to thermal energy.
• When thermal energy doubles, temperature in Kelvin's also doubles.
• This is NOT the case with celcius and farenheit.

the nergy due to the internal vibrations and motions of the atoms within the object.

an object that abosorbs all the radiation falling on it. Because such a body reflects no light, it looks black to us when it is cold.

• the wavelengths at which an object radiates most strongly is inversely proportional to the object's temperature.
• hotter bodies radiate more strongly at shorter wavelenths.

the mathematical form of: the luminosity of a hot body rises rapidly with temperature.

the light output of an object

• Heat increasing=luminosity increasing.
• this relationship between color and temperature allows astronomers to measure the temprature of stars and other astronomical objects from the wavelengths of light they emit.

light source moving towards us or away from us. Shift is moving to shorter or longer angstrōm. Blue of red shift.

the apparent brightness of abody decreases inversely as the square of its distance.

Mars and venus, earth, mars, pluto, neptune, uranus, saturn, jupiter

pluto, mercury, mars, venus, earth, uranus, neptune, saturn, jupiter

Jupiter, saturn, neptune, uranus, earth , mars, pluto, mercury, venus

there earth like they all have solid surfaces, they have little mass

they are jupiter like they are all made of gases. they have lots of mass

• 
• Round
• 6378km (diameter)
• Density- 5.52
• chemical composition

Rocks on earth date back 3.5 million years.

• Unlike Jovian planets.
• Terrestial planets- have mountains, volcanoes, valleys, craters, canyons and river beds. Hard crust.
• Amosphere has errosion from water and dust.

the trapping of heat by a planet's atmosphere, making the planet warmer than would otherwise be expected.

Yes. It rotates 2 weeks slower than earth.

• 4.4 million years.
• Based on moon rocks.
• impact craters. More=Older

• Like earth and moon. Terrestial
• mountains, volcanoes, valleys, cratering, canyons and possible river beds. evidence of tectonic activity.

• topography similar to earth.
• volcanic activity prominent.
• tectonic activity possible, but different from earths.

• colder than venus and mercury. hotter than mars.
• pressure relates to atmosphere.
• Chemical composition is similar because of volcanic activity and movement of plates.

• terrestial- Earth-like. All have solid surfaces.
• jovian- Jupiter-like, all are made of gasses.

the small number of impact craters on venus and earth implies that they have young surfaces, extensively altered by volcanic activity. on venus, its surface is is thicker the flow of heat to it's surface is more uniformed and therefure it has isolated regions of volcanic activity.

• olympus mons. (deepest canyons)
• Mountains like this one are much taller than mountains on earth.

• Jupiter,redish brown yellow
• saturn, yellow
• uranus, blue green
• neptune, blue

All jovian planets have rings. With the exception of pluto.

gas and liquid molecular

• they are mainly composed of water ice. However the different colors suggest that they might be made up of other materials . The seperate colors/rings are called ringlets.
• Material may be added to rings from time to time...origin.

• Internal structure- much like the moon, they have a rocky interior. metalic core.
• surface structure- volcanic activity, smooth cracked surface, extensive cratering.

• volcanic activity.
• the probable origin of this activity is a hot core. Heat means there are particles moving or vibrating which causes the volcanic explosions.

• Titan- mostly nitrogen atmosphere. Methane-ethane oceans.
• Triton- mostly methane atmosphere.
• There could be life forms there because there is water and oxygen there. It also has earth-like tectonics, erosions, winds and perhaps volcanism.

very similar composures. volcanic activity. tectonic plates. craters.....

• Pluto doesn't fit the qualifications to be neither a jovian planet OR a terrestial planet. you are out of the loop....you suck X 10 because Santa Clause a.k.a. Mr. Jordan likes you. ( if i could put a thumbs down, i would!)
• Black whole?!

between jupiter and mars.

called earth-crossing asteroids.

• their perhelion distance is at or near mars orbit.
• may be gravitationally influenced by jupiter

• located 60 degrees ahead and behind jupiter's orbit.
• can be gravitationally influenced by saturn.

a small, generally rocky, solid body orbiting the sun and ranging in diameter from a few meters to hundreds of km.

• rich in carbon
• located in the outer third of belt.

• missing the dark carbon compounds. silicate minerals present
• located inner two thirds of belt

• similar to eath rocks.
• located in the middle third of belt.

similar to volcanic areas in the moon and mars

a small body in orbit around the sun, consisting of a tiny, icy core and a tail of gas and dust.

• nucleus containing 99.9% of comet's mass.
• head also contains a coma, which is a cloud of H2 gas.

pretty much the same as the head of the comet

cloud of H2 gas

• Ion- pushed back by solar radiation
• dust- pushed back by the solar wind.

region containing many large icy bodies and from which some comets come. The region appears to extend from the orbit of neptune past pluto.

a vast region in which comet nuclei orbit. This cloud lies far beyond the orbit of pluto and may extend halfway to the next nearest star.

• made up of ice and some rocky silicates.
• all comets seem to originate beyond the orbit of pluto.
• they are usually highly eccentric and inclined.
• They come from two regions Kuiper disk (inner) and Oort Cloud (outter region)

comets form a tail when they are closer to the sun. and when they pass their perihelion region, it looses some of it's composure.

ASteroids are just rocky solid body. no tail.

small solid bodies moving within the solar system

the bright trail of light created by small solid particles entering the earth's atmospheres and burning up. A.K.A. shooting star.

the remains of a meteor on earth.

Old comets can sometimes spark a meteor shower

The sun has a companion known as Nemsis, theory on destruction of the earth the 26 million years repetitively

Explosion in 1908 in Siberia, no reamians of a meteor found, thought to be a comet.