What are some research difficulties involved with alternative medicine practices?
Challenging to apply conventional research methodologies like randomized controlled double blind studies
Studies do not consider "the whole has value beyond the sum of its parts"
Best treatment may be integrated with a combination of severl different interventions
A type of medicine where non conventional approaches are secondary to a primary western medicine treatment is called
Complimentary medicine
____ or ____ medicine is a type of medicine that implies a balanced whole person centered approach. It involves synthesis of conventional medicine, CAM modalitites and/or traditional medical systems. Aim is prevention and healing
Holistic or integrative medicine
___ Medicine: is the changing of the focus of medicine to healing rather than disesae. It involves an understanding of the mind, spirit and community as well as teh body. it includes developing insight into the pts culture, beliefs, lifestyle that will help the provider understand how best to trigger the changes required to result in improved health
Integrative medicine
This act legally recognized botanicals as dietery supplements rather than drugs, described botanicals (gave them a deffinition), made it so that product lables can claim only general physiologic or theraputic effects rather than efficacy for special diseases
Dietary Supplement Health Education Act DSHEA
____ is herb extracted in alcohol or other solvent. it is concentrated 1 gm of herb to 5-10ml of solvent
Tincture
___ is a more concentrated version of a tincture
Liquid extract
___ is a liquid extract that then has the solvent removed creating a 4:1 concentration usually then combinded with a large amount of fillers
Solid Extract
___ is a boiled herb for 10-15 mins then drank usually used for roots, Barks and berries
Decocotion
___ is when you add plant to hot water and steep it for 3-5 mins
Infusion
Name two herbs contraindicated in pregnancy b/c of their effects of uterine vasoconstriciton
Ephedra
Vinca major (periwinkle)
Name 2 herbs that are teratogenic if taken during pregnancy
American mandrake
Baptisia (wild indigo)
Best botanical for menopause is what?
Black cohosh
Best dermatologic botanical/also helps with sleep
Chamomile
Best botanical for premenstural syndrome
Chaste Tree
Best botanical for flu or URI
Echinacea
Best botanical for circulatory disorders
Garlic
Best botanical for circulatory or coginitive d/o
Ginko
___ is an herbal that is described as a panex or heal all
Ginseng
Best botanical for BPH
Saw Palmetto
most hepatoprotective botanical is
Milk Thistle
Herbal supplement for depression or emotional balance
St. John's wort
What are the components of a low glycemic index diet
What are some indications for a low glycemic index diet?
DM
CAD
Obesity
Breast Cancer
What are some indications for a paleolithic diet?
Obesity, NIDDM, hyperlipidemia, CV disease
What is a paleolithic diet
Hunder gatherer diet (stone age diet)
Lower total fat
Hight in vitamin E, C, Ca and K and antioxidants and fiber
Low in Na
Very lean wild meat
Green leafy veggies, fruits and nuts
No dairy, grains, legumes, sugar, alcohol and processed foods
____ is a diet where disaccharides and polysaccarides are eliminated, people adhering to this diet cannot eat dairy, grains, legumes
Specific Carbohydrate diet
What is an indication for using the specific carbohydrate diet?
Irritable bowel disease (hypersensitiviety and cellular immune response to saccarides)
This diet has a modification of fat, sugar, antioxidants, allergic food and anti inflammaotyr culinary spices. It increases the omega-3 fatty acid intake and decreases the omega 6 fatty acids, saturated fats and trans fatty acids. It also eliminates foods high in glycemic index
Anti-inflammatory diet
Which diet features an increase in anit-inflammatory spices such as ginger, rosemary, tumeric oregano, cayenne, garlic onion clove and nutmeg?
Anti-inflammatory diet
This diet eliminates wheat, rye, barley and oats and replaces them with rice, corn, buckwheat
This alternative method technique practiced by chiropracters corrects misalignment of the vetebra
Vertebral adjustments
What are some contraindications to being treated by a chiropracter?
Infants
Women with osteoporosis
High risk pregnancy
Bleeding disorders
Bone fractures or metastases
What type of education do chiropracters recieve?
4-5 yrs of education
first half is basic science then latter half is physical and lab dx with neuro, ortho, geri, peds, gyn, physiotherapy, radiology and nutrition
Graducates recieve a Dr of chiropractic
There is a board exam
they take CMEs
No Rx power
NOT overseen by the AMA
What are some indications to see a chiropracter?
Actue and chronic lower back pain
lumbar disc herniation
acute and chronic neck pain
carpal tunnel syndrome
cervicogenic HA
Migraines
Sinusitis/otitis media
Regulations of autonomic nervous system
What are some possible adverse effects from chiropracting?
Cauda equina syndrome after lumbar spine manipulation, neurogenic bowel and bladder, saddle anesthesia b/l leg weakness and sensory changes
CVA after cervical manipulation
spontaneous vetebral artery dissection
____ is the practice that involves stimulation of specific body pints by insertion and manipulation of fine needles
acupuncuture
de Qi means what in chinese?
the chi has arrived it refers to the tingling sensation associated with accupuncutre
When recieving acupuncture these things are discouraged...
Alcohol, recreational drugs, heavy work, workouts, fasting, or feasting
What is "rational" for acupuncture?
Teh body has channels of streaming Qi which is the blood and fluid that carry out internal organ function, if the channels are obstructed ther is pain, congestion and illness, acutpuncure stimulats the flow and suplies where there is a dificency a drain for this fluid which facilitates ultimate healing
What are some indications for acupuncture?
Nicotine/cocaine addition
Stroke rehab
Tension, migrain HA
Pregnancy, nausea, back pain, shortens labor pain and labor
T or F acupuncture providers have to be certified in clean needle training before becomming licenced
True
How many years of schooling are needed to become an acupunctureist
in the US 2-4 yrs of undergrad with 3 yrs of professional acupuncture training
___ is a subset of acupuncture where the skin is pressed in strokes by a round edged instrument resulting in red raised petichiae called sha
Gua sha
Adaptogenic therapy means what??
Warming pts who have cold conditions and cooling pts who have warm conditions ( a component of gua sha)
___ ____ is when a vaccume is created in a glass, bamboo or gourd cup by lighting a ball of alcohol soaked cotton and passing it inside the cup which is placed on the skin
Fire cupping
What is the rational behind cupping?
remove blood stasis
_____ is the buring of fiber precipitate of artemisia vulgaris (common mugwart) either directly on the skin or above the area
Direct and indirect moxibustion
____ is when a small electrical current is applied to the accupuncture needle to provide stimulation to the accupuncture site and enhance the effect
Electrical stimulation
What is an indication for electrical stimulation accupuncture
acute and chronic MS
_____ is when a seven star needle is tapped with equal pressure into the skin, it is used "in the care of children" to treat eczema
Plum blossom
____ involves the surface and musculoskeletal manipulation of musculoskeletal system. It is similar to western massage. The area is brushed, kneaded, rolled and pressed in areas between each fo the joints (known as the eight gates) to open the body s defensive (wei) chi and get the energy moving in teh meridians as well as the muscles
Tui na
T or F herbalists are board certified by NCCAOM
True
___ is translated as "life knowledge" or "the science of life" and has a goal of balance in life with the belief that health is the state of enjoying uniterrupted physical, mental and spiritual happiness
Ayurvedic Medicine
____ is the branch of alternative medicine that stresses achievement of virtue (dharma), wealth (artha), enjoyment (kama), and salvation (moksha)
Ayurvedic medicine
T or F in the US there is an official licening process with state certification board for people administering Ayurvedic medicine
False
In Ayurvedic medicine what is the dosha characterized by space/air, is respoinsible for mental creativity, imagination, indecisiveness, exhillaration, fear, insecurity and has a GI location in the colon?
Vata dosha
In Ayurvedic medicine what is the dosha characterized by Fire/water, intelligence, confidence, leadership, excitement, anger, jeleousy, small intestine
Pittia dosha
In Ayurvedic medicine what is the dosha characterized by earth/water, memory, tranquility, devotion, love, patience, greed and is located in the stomach
Kapha dosha
What are the 5 panchakarma therapies?
Emesis Tx
Purgation tx (mild laxative to lubricate intestines)
What are some indications for using Ayurvedic medicine?
Obestiy, HTN, CAD
____ yoga focuses on postures breathing exercies and meditation it was founded in 2,000 bc in india, and it focuses on self awareness with postures to purify the body in preparation for higher states of concious and medication
___ ___ is a series of exercises that dates back to china 5,000 yrs ago and was originally a series of exercises to be practiced after a strenuous day it enhances teh flow of energy or Qi in the body and emphasisez balence and harmony through the continuous slow motions rhythmic flexion of the legs and extension of the arms and shifting of weight
Tai Chi
In Tai Chi __ is the vital energy behind all processes pertainign to the body and midn and spirit. It is the energy amtter, vital energy or life force. It emanates through the energy pathways or meridians which cover the body like a network system
Qi
___ is part of chinese medicine is a part of chinese medicine that consits of medication physical movment and physical exercise
Qigong
___ is the skill of working with Qi
Gong
What are some risk factors for PTSD?
female gender
adverse childhood experiences
prior psychiatric problems
lower level of eductation
h/o previous psychiatric problems
lower socioeconomic status
minority race
lenght spent in service
A soldier returns for Iraq with cc of sleeplessness he says his wife has complained that since coming home he has been angry, irritable and more aggressive than usual he says he has felt a sense of isolation/numbness what do you think he has?
Symptoms
What are some symptoms of PTSD?
sleeplessness
anger, irritability, aggressive/violent
anxiety, startle reflex that is exaggerated
sense of isolation
emotionally numb
Survior's guilt
Avoidance of people places or things that serve as reminders of the incident
difficulty on anniversary of incidents
flashbacks
nightmares
stituations smells and places that may trigger a flashback
What is the first criterion for PTSD? (criterion A)
exposure to a traumatic event in which both of the following have been present: experienced, witnessed, or ben confronted with an event or events that involve actual or threatened death or serious injury or a threat to the physical integrity of oneself or others, persons response involve intense fear helplessness or horror
What are the indications for practicing Qigong?
Effects on stroke, HTN, mortality decreased cholesterol levels, circulation, bone density, improved coagulation, fibrinolyiss, blood viscosity, RBC, potential effect on cancer, increased blood flow to the brain
Criterion B for PTSD is what?
Intrusive recollection
What is intrusive recolection?
Traumatic event is persitently re-experienced in at least one way
Intense psychological distress at exposure to internal and external cues that symbolize/resemble an aspect of the traumatic event
physicologic reactivity upon exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the truamatic event
What are some of the ways intrusive recollections can manifest?
recurrent/intruisve distressing recollections
recurrent distressing dreams or events
acting out/ feeling recurrence of the event
psychological distress with internal/external cues similar to event
physiological reactivity
What is the third criterion (C) of PTSD??
Avoidance/ numbing
Avoidance/numbing in PTSD is indicated by 3 of what occurences?
Efforts to avoid thoughts, feeling or conversitons asociated with trauma
efforts to avoid activities, places, or people who arous recollections of trauma
Inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma
markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities
feeling of detatchment or estrangement from others
restricted range of affect
sense of foreshortened future
What is the 4th/final criterion for PTSD (criterion D)
perisitent symptoms of increaseing arousal not present before the trauma
What are some manifestations of hyperarousal in PTSD?
Difficulty falling or staying asleep
irritability or outbursts of anger
difficulty concentrating
hyper-vigilance
exaggerated startle response
What are some common co-morbidities with PTSD?
Depression, suicidal intent, substance abuse, anxiety disorders, social problems
What are some PTSD treatments?
Cognitive Behavioral Thearapy (CBT)
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR)
Pharmacological treatments: SSRI, Other antidepresants, anticonvulsants (make sure you follow up closely with pharmacologic therapy in the initation phase of the perscription their mood can be more unstable)
What are some Pharmacological treatments for PTSD?
SSRIs
Sertraline (zoloft) dose escalation effect must taper to d/c
Paroxetine (Paxil) benifit over 20 mg? must taper to d/c
What is a of a TBI?
Blow or "jolt" to the head: acceleration/deceleration force
disrupts the normal function of the brain
severity of TBI is determied at the time of the injury
Classifications are mild, moderateor severe or by GCS
What is the eitiology of a TBI? What are the most common eitiologies in the military?
head struck by solid object
head strieks object
brain acceleration/decelleration sans external force
FB that penitrates brain
force generate form an event a blast explosion etc
Leading cause in military: Blasts, MVC, fragments, falls bullets
What are the symptoms of TBI?
headache/dizziness
sleep disturbances
balance problems
nausea/vomiting
fatigue
visual distrubances/light sensitivity
ringing in the ears
Cognigitve signs:
slowed thinking, poor concentration, memory/attention problems/ word finding problems
What are teh cognitive signs of TBI?
Slowed thinking
poor concentration
memor/attention problems
word finding problems
What are the emotional signs of TBI?
Anxiety, depression, irritability, mood swings
What are some concering signs and symptoms with a TBI?
worsening headache
worsening balance
double vision or other vision changes
decreaseing level of altertness
increased disorientation
repeated vomiting
seizures
unusal behavior
amnesia/memory problems
What 4 things are used to rate severity of a TBI?
Loss of conciousness
change in consciousness/mental state
Post traumatic amnesia
Glasgow coma scale
What are 4 considerations in TBI that you need to think about before you let them go back into play or into service?
identification of neurologic emergencies
identification fo high risk indivituals for second impact syndrome
recognition and managment of neurologic sequelae
prevention of cumulative and chronic brain injury
This imaging modality is best for normal brains, microbleeds, focal non-specific areas of subcortical white matter
MRI
This imaging modality is best/used for small contusions extra axial hematomas, subcortical hemmorhages
CT
With a TBI what imaging study do you order first?
CT and then get an MRI if there are abnormal findings on CT
What are the first 3 prioities/goals in a TBI? especially with a blast injury
ID other life threating injuries
prevent further secondary brain injury
treat identified mass lesions
How would you treat increased intracrainal pressure?
Mannitol or drain
What nonvisible part of the body do you HAVE to check on a pt who is brought in on a backboard?
the back! once it is safe to flip them you need to check it out back there and make sure nothing is wrong
What do you not want to do in a pt who may have increased intracranial pressure?
DO NOT hyperventilate
For every soldier who dies on the field how many will commit suicide?
25
This was a form of alternative medicine developed in germany in the 19th century by samuel Hahnenman, it emphasizes the holistic approach and offers indivicual approaches for specific complaints
Homeopathic medicine
What is the principle of simlar?
a substane that can cause symptoms in the healthy person can stimulate self healing int eh person with similar response to an illness
preparations are diulted in water initally b/c they may cause more of the same symptoms
What are the components of homeopathic evaluation?
mental/emotional sx (mood, anxiety, fear)
Sensation( character)
location (side of body affected)
direction (radiation)
concomitant sx
modalities (triggers aggrevating and alleviating factors)
intensity (compared to the sx the pt has has before)
duration
onset (actual date and time of sx)
sequence of events (circumstances before the pt has sx)
What are the indications for using homeopathic medicine?
Otitis media
allergic rhinitis
acute diarrheal syndrome
asthma
croup
depression
Author
Anonymous
ID
148575
Card Set
PCM
Description
Flashcards for the PCM final including Joining Forces, Alternative medicine, the healthcare team,