Kidney Part one

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What are the 2 primary functions of the kidney?
- Regulation of body fluids
- Make urine
What is the endocrine function of the kidney?

Secretes erythropoietin and renin
What does renin do as part of homeostasis of the kidney?

Maintain blood pressure
What is the function of erythropoietin?

Controls the rate of red blood cell formation
What vitamin does the kidney activate and why is it so important?

Activates vitamin D and it is necessary for calcium absorption in the small intestine.
To regulate the body fluid composition what 2 things does the kidney balance?
- water/ions
- acid-base
What is the number one nitrogenous waste product of the kidney?
Where does it come from?
- Urea
- comes from protein
What is the number 2 waste product of the kidney?
Where does it come from?
- Creatinine
- Muscle activities
What does hemoglobin breakdown into?

Bilirubin and other urochromes
What is the pH of urine?

4.6-8
What is urine mostly composed of and how many grams of it is it secreted in 24 hours?
- Urea
- 30 grams
What are the four main components of urine?
- Urea
- Creatinine
- ammonia
- Uric acid
creatinine, ammonia, and uric acid make up how many grams of the urine in 24 hours?

Less than 2 grams
What are the four systems that deal with waste removal?
- Urinanry system
- Respiratory system
- Integumentary system
- Digestive system
What type of epithelium is in the urinary system?

transitional or urothelium
what are the 3 layers of the ureter?
- Mucosa
- Muscularis
- adventitia
Is the urinary epithelium hypertonic or hypotonic?

Hypertonic
Where are the peristalsis waves initiated?

Pelvis
Stretch receptors are what type of muscle ?

Smooth muscle
What 2 things does the mucosa layer of the ureters contain?
- Lamina propria
- transitional epithelium
What is the inner muscularis layer of the ureter?

Longitudinal
What is the outer muscularis layer of the ureter?

Circular
What different characteristic does the lower third of the uriter contain?

Additional outer longitudinal layer
what 3 things does the adventitia of the ureter contain?
- Blood vessels
- lymphatics
- nerves
An exay of the urinary system is also called?

Pyelogram
A bladder urger is activated at hoe many mL's?

300
What is the size of a full bladder?

900mL
What type of muscle is in the bladder?

Detrusor muscle
What is the donut shape organ in the beggining of urethra?

Prostate
What are the 3 layers of the bladder?
- Mucosa
- muscularis
- adventitia
What two things does the mucosa layer of the bladder contain?
- Transitional epithelium
- Lamina propria
What are the 3 layers of the bladder and what type of tissue is it ?
- Inner- longitudinal
- outer- circular
- outer- longitudinal
What 3 things does the adventitia consist of ?
- Blood vessels
- lymph
- nerves
How long is the male urethra?

20cm (8inches)
What are the 3 layers of the make urethra and what size are they?
- prostatic urethra 2.5cm
- membrnous urethra 2cm
- penile (spongy) urethra 15 cm
Loss of bladder control also called?

incotinance
Voiding or urination is also called?

Micturition
Afferent nerve impulses go into?

Sacral region of the spinal cord
Efferent nerve impulses go into what nerves?

pelvic splanchnic nerves
The pelvic splanchnic nerves activate what?

Bladder
How does urination activate?

Stretch receptors
What muscle contracts the internal sphincter durring urinination and makes it relax?

Detrusor muscle
Most of urine is made in what part of the kidney?

Corticle region
What are the 3 layers of the kidney ?
- Renal fascia
- adipose
- renal capsule
What 3 things come out of the hilum of the kidney ?
- Nerves
- blood vessels
- ureter
Where are the nephrons located in the kidney ?

Cortex
what 2 things collect urine ?
- calyces
- pelvis
What 2 things make up the lobe of the kidney?

Pyramid and cortex cap

Author

Floe

148505

Card Set

Kidney Part one

Description

Anatomy

Updated

2012-04-22T03:08:17Z

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