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HIV
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Everyone with AIDS is HIV+
- Not everyone with HIV has AIDS
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Origin of HIV Infection
From Africa in the 50's
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How HIV Spread
- SIV mutated and picked up a new host
- SIV from monkey, monkey eaten raw, virus not killed, and transferred to humans
- Doctors treated people with this disease with one needle, and used same needle on multiple people
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2 Types of HIV Infections
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HIV-1
- Group N
- Group M: Clades A-J
- Group O
- Comes from chimpanzees
- Mutated to humans in the 30's
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HIV-2
- Comes from the Scooty Mangaby
- No symptoms
- Having HIV-2 can help prevent getting HIV-1
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HIV Structure
- RNA (2 strands)
- Enzymes (Reverse transcriptase: reverse transcription from RNA to DNA; Integrase, Protease)
- Protein coat
- Envelope with GP spikes
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HIV Looking for a Home
HIV targets Langerhan cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD4 positive T cells
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Helper T Cell Review
- Helper T-lymphocyte recognizes antigen
- Helper T-lymphocyte secretes cytokines and begins to undergo cell division to form more helper T-lymphocyte
- Cytokines secreted by helper T-lymphocytes initiate and control the immune system
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Acute Phase
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Sore Throat
- Muscle aches
- Headache +/-
- Swollen Lymphnodes
- +/- nausea/loss of appeite
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Chronic/Latent Phase
Looks normal
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AIDS Phase
Opportunistic infections and cancers occur
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HIV Transmission
- Blood
- Semen
- Vaginal Fluid
- Breast Milk
- Blood Products
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HIV Testing
Oral test ? looking for the antibody-coated
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How to prevent early death of an HIV infected person
- Keep stress down
- Healthy diet
- Sleep normal amount
- Vitamins
- Invert reverse transcription
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Treatment
- Fusion/entry Inhibitors
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (prevent reverse transcripse) (EZT?)
- Integrase Inhibitors
- Protease Inhibitors
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Drug Therapy For HIV Infections
- HAART
- Highly Active
- Anti-Retroviral
- Therapy
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