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Anesthesia Q2, III
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What information does the arterial pulse pressure wave provide?
Systolic
Diastolic
MAP
What does mean arterial pulse equal?
MAP = (systolic-diastolic)/3 + diastolic
Where will the dicrotic notch of the arterial pulse pressure wave be located in the case of arterial vasodilation? aterial vasoconstriction?
Vasodilation - Lower
Vasoconstriction - Higher
What is the effect of positive pressure ventilation on the contour of the pulse pressure wave?
Systolic pressure variation
How does the doppler ultrasound indirectly measure blood pressure?
Detects the flow of RBC's as they pass the Doppler crystal
What should be the width of the blood pressure cuff be?
40% of the limb or tail surface
What are two indirect methods of arterial blood pressure measurement?
Doppler ultrasound
Oscillometric method
How would take a direct measurement of arterial blood pressure?
Catheter
When referring to MAP, how is hypotension usually defined?
MAP <60 mmHg
MAP <70 mmHg in horses
If heart rate is low and blood pressure is low, how would you treat? 2
Decrease anesthetic concentration
Administer anticholinergics
If heart is normal to high and blood pressure is low, how would you treat? 3
Decrease anesthetic concentration
Volume expansion with fluid bolus
Infusion of dopamine
How will the blood pressure be affected by putting an animal in dorsal recumbency?
Systemic BP can be decreased
When can hypovolemia be seen when related to blood loss?
Blood loss exceeding 10%
What is the blood volume of a dog? cat?
Dog - 90 ml/kg
Cat - 70 ml/kg
What is the blood volume of a thoroughbred horse? normal horse?
Thoroughbred - 100 ml/kg
Normal - 70 ml/kg
What is the blood volume of a sheep? caprine? bovine?
Sheep - 60 ml/kg
Caprine - 70 ml/kg
Bovine - 60 ml/kg
How is the oxygen content in blood (CaO2 in ml/100ml) described?
CaO2 = SaO2 x 1.34 + PaO2 x 0.003
What does the amount of oxygen dissolved in blood depend on? 3
Concentration of partial pressure of inspired oxygen
Alveolar ventilation
Matching of ventilation and perfusion to the lungs
What is normal PaO2 at room inspired oxygen concentration?
80-100 mmHg
What is the predicted PaO2 in relation to inspired O2?
4-5X the percentage of inspired O2
What is the PaO2 during anesthesia (O2 = 100%)?
100 x 5 = 500 mmHg
What may happen under anesthesia to anemic animals that have compensated increased blood flow to organs?
May decompensate
When may you see decreased "leftover" oxygen in the blood in relation to supplied oxygen?
Hematocrit decreases below 20%
What is decreased partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, sometimes less than 60 mmHg (equivalent to SaO2 less than 90%)?
Hypoxemia
When does blood become cyanotic?
Deoxygenated Hb exceeds 5g/100 ml in arterial blood (hematocrit >15%)
What information is provided by the pulse oximeter?
Oxyhemoglobin saturation
Pulse rate
What are some things that cause factors in the pulse oximeter reading? 5
Patient motion
Pigmented skin
Environmental light illuminating monitor site
Anemia
Arrythmias
What are the advantages of the pulse oximeter? 3
Noninvasive
Provides continuous info on pulse rate and oxyhemoglobin
Indirect method of measuring SaO2
What are five possible causes of hypoxemia?
Decreased amount of oxygen administered to patient or high altitudes
Hypoventilation
Ventilation/perfusion mismatch
Right to left shunt
Diffusion impairment
Author
HLW
ID
147814
Card Set
Anesthesia Q2, III
Description
Anesthesia Q2, III
Updated
2012-04-16T00:12:03Z
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