-
hyponatremia
- -altered level of consciousness
- -anxiety
- -anorexia
- -central nervous system and neuromuscular change
- -coma
- -decreased sensation
- -mental confusion
- -muscular cramps
- -nausea
- -seizures
- -vomiting
-
hypernatremia
- -coma
- -dry mucous membranes
- -flushed skin
- -increased temperature
- -intense thrist
- -irritability
- -intercranial pressure
- -lethargy
- -loss of skin turgor
- -oliguria (small volume of urine)
- -seizures
- -twiching
- -weakness
-
hypokalemia
- -abdomianl pain
- -cardiac dysrhythmias
- -confusion
- -decreased reflexes
- -ECG changes
- -gaseous distension of intestine
- -increased urine pH
- -lethargy
- -muscle weakness
- -urinary retention
- -paralysis
- -paralytic ileus
-
hyperkalemia
- -cardiac dsyrhythmias
- -ECG changes
- -hypotension
- -muscle weakness
- -paralysis
- -paresthesias (numbness, tingling, burning sensation or pinpricks)
-
hypocalcemia
- -cardiac dysrhythmia
- -cardiac failure
- -colic (acute abdominal pain)
- -difficult swallowing
- -dyspnea
- -hand spasms
- -muscle spasms
- -parasthesias
- -positive chvostek's sign
- -positive trousseau's sign
- -seizures
- -tetany
- -wheezing
-
hypercalcemia
- -abdominal pain
- -anorexia
- -cardiac arrest
- -confusion
- -constipation
- -pathologic fractures
- -polyuria
- -renal calculi
-
hypomagnesemia
- -cardiac arrhythmias
- -hyperactive reflexes
- -hypocalcemia
- -hypokalemia
- -insomnia
- -leg and foot cramps
- -positive chvostek's checks
- -positive trousseau sign
- -seizures
- -tremors
- -twitching
- -vertigo
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