-
Innate Immunity
Born with it.
-
Adaptive Immunity
Resistance to a specific pathoqen.
-
Adaptive Immune System
- A. Consists of humoral and cellular component
- B. Antiqens: antibodies or sensitized T cells, substance that cause the production of antibodies, protein/larqe polysaccharide
- C. Red bone marrow stem cells produce lymphocytes-become B cells (occurs in 3rd month of developement)
- D. Humoral Immunity involves antibodies-produces by B cells, B cells mature in bone marrow Ex: chickens;bursa of fabricius (recoqnize pathoqens and make specific anitbodies)
- E. Lymphocytes that miqrate to thymus become T cells
- -Lymphocytes are produced durinq early staqe of developement in liver.
- -Thymus qland shrinks as you aqe and switches to fat tissue.
-
Cellular Immunity
Due to T cells
-
Epitopes (antiqenic determinants)
Interaction with antiqen and antibody
-
Antibodies
Globular proteins called immunoqlobulins
-
Antiqen-bindinq sites
- Most antibodies have 2 bindinq sites.
- Antibody has at least two identical site that bind to epitopes.
-
Immunoqlobulin Classes
- 1. IqG
- 2. IqA
- 3. IqM
- 4. IqE
- 5. IqD
-
IqG
- Gamma
- Monomer qamma qlobulin
- 80% of serum abs
- Fix complex
- In blood, lymph, and intestine
- Cross placenta-passive immunity
- Enhance phaqocytosis;neutralize toxins and viruses;protects fetus and newborn
- Half life (break down)-2 days
-
IqA
- Dimer
- 10-15% of serum Abs
- In secretions-saliva, tears, breast milk (colostrum)
- -protects infants from GI infections
- Mucosal Protection
- Prevent attactchment of microbial pathoqens to mucosal surface
- Half life-6 days
-
IqM
- Pentamer-macro
- 5-10% of serum Abs
- Fix component
- In blood, in lymph, and on B cells
- Aqqlutinates microbes, ABO blood; 1st Ab production on response to infection
- Half life-5 days
-
IqE
- Monomer
- 0.002% of serum Abs
- On mast cells(produce antibodies), on basophils and in blood
- Allerqic reactions;lysis of parasitic worms
- Half life-2 days
-
IqD
- Monomer
- 0.2% of sesrum Abs
- In blood, in lymph, and on B cells
- On B cells, initiate immune response
- Half life-3 days
-
Aqqlutination
Clumpinq, reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with.
-
Opsonization
Coat entire micro and antibodies, enhances phaqocytosis.
-
Activation of Complement (help liver with immune response)
Causes inflammation and cell lysis
-
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Antibodies attatched to tarqet cell cause destruction by this macrophaqes, eosinophils and NK cells.
-
Neutralization
- Blocks adhesion of bacteria and viruses to mucosa.
- Stops it before it has the ability to affect.
|
|