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What is a nightmare?
a long, frightful dream that awakens the sleeper from REM sleep
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What is a night terror?
a sudden arousal from stage 3 or stage 4 SWS that is marked by intense fear and autonomic activation
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What is a sleep cycle?
a period of SWS followed by a period of REM sleep. In humans, a sleep cycle lasts 90 to 110 mins
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What is sleep deprivation?
the partial or total prevention of sleep
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What is sleep recovery?
the process of sleeping more than normally after a period of sleep dep, as though in compensation
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What is an ecological niche?
the unique assortment of environmental opportunities and challenges to which each organism is adapted.
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What is a general anesthetic?
a drug that renders an individual unconscious
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What is an isolated brain?
an experimental prep where the animals brainstem is separated from the spinal cord by a cut below the medulla
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what is an isolated FOREBRAIN?
an experimental preparation where the animals nervous system is cut in the upper midbrain-dividing the forebrain from the brain stem
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What is the basal forebrain?
a ventral region in the forebrain that has been implicated in sleep
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what is the tuberomammillary nucleus?
a region of the basal hypothalamus, near the pituitary stalk that plays a role in generating SWS
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What is reticular formation?
an extensive region of the brain stem that extends from the medulla through the thalamus involved in arousal.
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What is narcolepsy?
a disorder involving frequent, intense episodes of sleep which last from 5 to 30 minutes and can occur at anytime during waking hours.
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What is cataplexy?
sudden loss of muscle tone, leading to collapse of the body without loss of consciouness
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what is hypocretins?
neuropeptides produced in the hypothalamus that are incolced in switching between sleep states, in narcolepsy, and in the control of teh appetite.
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What is sleep paralysis?
a state during the transition to or from sleep in which the ability to move or talk is temporarily lost.
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What is sleep enuresis?
bedwetting
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What is somnambulism?
sleepwalking
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What is REM behaviour disorder (RBD)?
a sleep disorder in which a person physically acts out a dream
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What is a sleep state misperception?
A persons perception that he has not been asleep when in fact he was. Typically occurs at the start of a sleep episode.
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What is sleep onset insomnia?
difficulty in falling asleep
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What is sleep maintenance insomnia?
difficulty in staying asleep
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What is sleep apnea?
a sleep disorder where respiration slows or stops periodically waking the patient.
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What is sudden infant death syndrom (SIDS)?
the sudden, unexpected death of an apparently healthy baby who apparently stops breathing during sleep
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