chapter 11

the relative access individuals and groups have to basic meterial resources, wealth, power and prestige

a society in which no individual or group has more privilidged access to resources, power, or prestige than any other.

a society characterized by institutionalized differences in prestige but no important restrictions on access to basic resources.

a society characterized by formal, permanent social and economic inequality in which some people are denied access to basic resources.

a social position that a person is born into.

a social position that a person chooses or achieves on his or her own.

the ability to control resources in ones own interest

the ability to cause others to act based on characteristics such as honor, status, knowledge, ability, respect, or the holding of formal public office.

the shared beliefs and values that legitimize the distribution and use of power in a particular society.

the ways in which individuals and groups use power to achieve public goals.

informal system of alliance within well-defined political units such as lineages and villages.

the ability to direct an enterprise or action.

the attemp of a group within society to force a redistribution of resources and power.

an attempt to overthrow an existing form of political organization.

• a means of social control and dispute management throught the
• systematic application of force by those in society with the authority
• to do so.

the patterned ways in which power is legitimately used in a society to regulate behavior.

the number of groups and their interrelationship in a society.

a small group of people (20-50) related by blood or marriage, who live together and are loosely associated with territory in which they forage.

specialized hierarchical associations based on age, which stratify a society by seniority.

a formally organized and culturally recognized pattern of collective violence directed toward other societies, or between segments within a large society.

a culturally distinct population whose members consider themselves descended from the same ancestor.

a group of people of similar age and sex who move through some or all of lifes stages together.

west african societies whose membership is secret or whose rituals are known only to society members. their most significant function is the initiation of boys and girls into adulthood.

a form of socialpolitial organization in which multiple descent groups (usually patrilineages) form at different levels and function in different contexts.

a political structure in which higher-order units form alliances that emerge only when lower-order units come into conflict.

a self-made leader who gains power through personal achievements rather than through political office.

a form of managing disputes that uses the offices of a third party to achieve voluntary agreement between disputing parties.

a payment demanded by an aggrieved party to compensate for damage.

a society with social ranking in which political integration is achieved through an office of centralized leadership called the chief.

lacking a government head or chief.

the primary producers, wether pastoral or agricultural, are allowed access to the means of production, and tribute is exacted from them by political or military means.

a hierarchical, centralized form of political organization in which a central government has a legal monopoly over the use of force.

membership in a state.

an interrelated set of status roles that become separated from other aspects pf social organization, such as kinship.