Phonology Midterm 2

A two-dimensional display of the phonetic features characterizing each of a sequence of phonological segments. Features are presented on the left and segments on top.

• +/-
• (Segment is either voiced or unvoiced, no grey areas)

• ( )
• encloses optional material; where an item is enclosed in parentheses at any point in the rule, the rule works equally well with or without the parenthesised material

• { } braces
• or curly brackets enclose options; that is, the rule will work with any one of the things listed in brace

• (a.k.a. Greek letter variable), agreement in features;
• used as the value for a feature when the precise value is not important, but matching of values is;
• α must have the same value everywhere it occurs on any given application of the rule

• αP copies place of articulation
• αF copies all features

write rule with as few features as possible

• Rules apply iteratively/reapplies across string;
• it feeds itself

• a ranking of speech sounds (or phones) by amplitude;
• nucleus has maximal sonority and that sonority decreases as you move away from the nucleus
• 1. Low V
• 2. Mid V
• 3. Hi V
• 4. Glides
• 5. Liquids
• 6. Nasals
• 7. Fricatives
• 8. Stops

a consonant that begins a syllable

most sonorant part, in some languages, only vowels can be nucleus

consonant after a vowel

restrictions on the type of sound sequences which are allowed in a language

• a unit of prosodic weight, related to length
• a long vowel has two moras and a short vowel has one.
• The mora may be a property of both a particular segment and an entire syllable.

ends in a vowel; coda-less

ends in a consonant

one mora; open (coda-less) syllable with a short vowel

two mora; syllable with a long vowel or a diphthong, or a coda consonant

put as much into onset as possible

• each lower level is embedded in the higher
• 1. prosodic phrase
• 2. prosodic word
• 3. foot
• 4. syllable
• 5. mora

rhythmic unit in phonology