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Define:
Bacilli
Rod-shaped bacteria
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Define:
Cocci
Sphere-shaped bacteria
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Define:
Spirilla
Spiral-shaped bacteria
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Define:
Cell Membrane
The protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment.
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Define:
Cell Wall
The rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria.
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Define:
Cytoplasm
Constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains heredity material and is the location of most of a cell's life processes.
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Define:
DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic acid) The genetic material of all organisms. It is made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases.
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Define:
Flagella
The long, thin whiplike structure that helps organisms move through moist or wet surroundings.
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Define:
Ribosomes
A small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins.
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Define:
Protein Coat
The coiled or polyhedral structure, composed of proteins, that encloses the nucleic acid of a virus.
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Define:
Nucleic Acid
A thick-walled, protective structure produced by some bacteria when conditions are unfavorable for survival.
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Define:
Anaerobic
An organism that is adapted to living in environments that have no oxygen.
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Define:
Aerobic
An organism that uses oxygen when breaking down food.
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Define:
Binary Fission
The reproduction cycle of a bacteria cell. The cell replicates DNA, grows, then splits into two of the same exact cells.
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Define:
The Lytic Cycle
The reproduction cyle of a virus, where the virus attatches to the host cell, and injects genes into it.
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Conjugation
When bacteria send a thin line across, connecting to another bacteria, and exchanges genes.
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Lysogenic
When the virus enters the cell, then reproduces.
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Pathogen
Any disease-producing organism.
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Define:
Antibiotics
Chemicals produced by some bacteria that are used to limit the growth of other bacteria.
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