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What is Myopia?
nearsightedness (image focused in front of the retina)
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Wat is Creatine Phosphate?
high energy storage conpaound found in vertebrates and in some invertebrates (i.e. echinoderms)
Arginine Phosphate is similar and found in other invertebrates
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Botulism Toxin
Prevents release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic membrane... paralysis
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Pancreas
- both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
- Exocrine function; cells secrete digestive enxymes into mall intestine
- Endocrine function: small glandular structures called islets of Lanerhans are composed of alpha and beta cells
- alpha cells produce glucagon and beta cells produce insulin
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What does the intestinal mucosa secrete?
- -lipases
- -aminopeptidases
- -disaccharidases
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Mendel's 1st law
- -genes exist as alleles
- -2 alleles exist for each trait per organism
- -only 1 fully expressed if differentiated
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negative reinforcement
links the lack of behavior with reward
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cytotoxic T cell
type of lymphocyte that when activated, kills infected cells, cancer cells, and transplanted cells.
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Expamle of a tree succession
- Sun-loving gray birch and poplar
- White Pine
- maples and beeches (climax)
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Anterior Pituitary
Which hormones?
Regulated new hormaones?
- Synthesizes: both direct and tropic hormones.
- regulated by: releasing/ inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus
- 6 hormones: FSH-follicle stimulating hormone
- LH- lutinizing hormone
- ACTH-adrenocorticotropic hormone
- TSH-thyroid stimulating hormone
- Prolactin-
- GH -Growth hormone
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Cornea
Transparent front layer of the eye that bends and focuses light through the pupil.
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Conjugation
which bacteria can?
- DNA transferred from a donor male (+) to female (-)
- -only bacteria containing sex factors
- (i.e. those with F factor are F+ cells)
- During conjugation the F+ cell converts the F- cell to F+
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Constitutive Enzyme
enzymes always being synthesized because they have defective repressors.
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What is the difference between Prokayotes and Eukaryotes?
- P: Cell wall
- no nucleus
- 30s and 50s ribosomal subunits
- No membrane bound organelles
- E:
- Cell wall only in fungi and plants
- Nucleus
- 40s and 60s ribosomal subunits
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Totipotency
the ability of a cell to develop into any kind of differneciated cell.
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Phase contrast Microscopy
uses a special type of light microscope that uses different refractive indexes so to contrast between cellular srtucture.
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Coenocytic
many nuclei in a mass of protoplasm
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Mandel's 2nd law
- (independent assortment)
- -as long as two genes are on seperate chromosomes, they will assort independently during meosis
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Golgi Apparatus Function
recieves vesicles from smooth ER; modifies them and repackages into vesicles sent to cell surface by exocytosis.
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Hfr cells
cells that have a high freq. of recombination
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Respiration in Arthropods
- has respiratory tubules called tracheae whose braches reach to alsmost every cell. These open to the surfaces through openings called spiracles
- No carrier of O2
- -allows insects to have open circulatory systems.
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what is the 4th part of the menstration cycle?
If the ovum is not fertilized- corpus luteum atrophies and causes the endometrium to slough off giving rise to menses.
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Chief autotroph of the ocean
the diatom, an algae
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Lichen
- Mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an algae
- Algae produces food
- Fungus provides CO2 and nitrogenase waste for the algae
- (which both need for photosynthesis and protein synthesis)
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Nekton
active swimmers such as fish, sharks, or whales that feed on plankton and smaller fish.
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