Unit 6 (Informatics and QC)

the term ____________ originated from the term "information".

____________ refers to useful, meaningful, and organized data.

______________________ allows for digital devices to communicate textual and image information.

who described information technology (IT) as any technology assisting in the communication of information, and when?

information technology (IT) is any technology that assists in the communication of information by (5):

two devices used to convert raw data into information that can be used to solve problems:

the physical components used to process data:

give some examples of hardware:

the computer programs (algorithms) that direct all hardware components to solve problems and derive practical solutions:

give some examples of software:

five fundamental operations of the computer:

entry of data via hardware:

converts data from the CPU into information that can be used to solve problems:

internal (short-term and small volumes) or external (long-term and larger volumes):

the point at which post-processing can occur. a monitor, for example:

how data and images can be sent anywhere in the world:

name various types of communication technologies (9):

three key elements of computer communication technology:

used to send and receive signals from the computers by converting digital to analog/analog to digital:

converting digital to analog:
converting analog to digital:

the medium by which data is transmitted (ex. wires, coaxial cables, fiber optics, microwave, and satellites):

connects several computers and allows for data to be shared:

the layouts of communication networks that include host computer, nodes, packets, protocols, and other devices (hubs, bridges, routers):

the process of changing data to information:

list some informatics subspecialties (7):

the application of IT to healthcare or medicine is referred to as ____________ and ________________.

medical imaging informatics encompasses several modalities, such as (6):

medical imaging informatics plays a significant role in health care since it is used for (6):

the tasks performed by computers in a digital imaging department include (7):

a computer-based system for storing and transmitting images:

the major components of PACS:

collects and processes data in order to provide the user with information that can help with problem solving and decision making:

two major components to HIS:

a system that includes order entry system, monitoring system, nursing information system, laboratory information system, and radiology information system:

a system that includes registration, scheduling, financial payroll, human resources, quality assurance, and contract management:

some important aspects of (RIS):

_______________ is replacing the paper-based medical records.

a secure, real-time, point-of-care patient-centric information resource for physicians:

the six components of EHR:

deals with how efficient and effective the imaging modalities, PACS, and information systems are able to share data in a seamless manner:

some requirements for effective and efficient communication (5):

connects a system so it can exchange data:

provides definition of terms used in a particular enterprise:

a database that contains all information about the patient and plays an important role in identifying and locating the records belonging to the patient under study:

the two communication standards within the radiology department that communicate textual data and images:

the protection of information systems against unauthorized access to or modification of information, whether in storage, processing or transit, and against the denial of service to authorized users, including those measures necessary to detect, document, and counter such threats:

the three categories of security threats:

a security threat in which data and information are obtained from authorized users by means of deception:

a security threat by means of attacks on hardware components. (for example: the theft of the actual computer):

a security threat involving attacks on the software by means of viruses like worms, Trojan horses, malicious programs, and demial of service:

offer a means to fight against security threats with the use of antivirus and spyware detection programs:

security methods can include (6):

name examples of various ways a technologist can act as an informaticist (5):

______________ have developed a Fellowship curriculum for radiologists

The EIT Fellowship curriculum developed for radiologists includes:

The ___________________ have helped to develop a curriculum that includes IT, clinical informatics, PACS administration, and academics.

______________ has developed over time which requires the radiologist to have IT skills in order to provide leadership in applying IT to radiology.

name the three specific areas a PACS administrator addresses:

behavioral duties of a PACS administrator include:

business duties of a PACS administrator include:

technical competencies that are the duties of a PACS administrator include:

provided through PACS Administration in Radiology Certification (PARCA):

PACS certification provided through PARCA at four different levels:

___________________ is a step beyond a PACS administrator.

Certification in Imaging Informatics (CIIP) was founded by:

details covered concerning CIIP by SIIM and ARRT:

American Board of Imaging Informatics (ABII) was founded by:

the mission of the American Board of Imaging Informatics (ABII) was to enhance:

name two "extra" responsibilities of the ABII:

Imaging Informatics tools specific to radiology:

Educating oneself on the needs of the patient to better meet those needs is being achieved through:

________________ takes into consideration all factors involved that would ensure the imaging operation is working properly.

give three reasons why QC is still required when imaging operations are conducted using DR:

the visible, ongoing effort to collect information about an imaging operation to help improve efficiency and quality:

When it comes to QC and QA, which program is a part of the other?

seeks to get the most efficient performance from both the imaging facility and the physician:

a well established _______________ can help prevent malpractice claims and improve efficiency and quality of the department.

QC is accomplished through four steps:

determines whether equipment meets the requirements of state and federal regulatory agencies as well as purchase contract requirements:

Acceptance Testing (AT) is usually the responsibility of:

________________ are the performances that will be monitored regularly and _________________ are the maximum deviation from the norm.

a _______________ allows for accurate diagnosis.

various qualities of an image include:

a feature to take advantage of information that already exists in RIS:

in-depth info about patient (each step) as they flow through the hospital:

_______________________ can help prevent human errors from the technologist entering data at the time of the procedure.

Name some details that can be determined by MetaData, offering precise data required to support an accurate QA/QC program:

_______________ can be used to ensure proper positioning of the cassette with the part being x-rayed.

calibration for nonuniformity is also called:

requires exposing the receptor to a uniform field of radiation in order to check for the uniformity of the beam:

during the flat field process, the equipment can compensate for differences in gain and artifacts, such as ________________.

Digital Radiography is considered to be RIM, which is:

If the IR is not erased completely, phantom images or _______________ can appear.

light artifacts produced consistently at the receptor can be due to:

Name the three key factors routinelychecked, no matter the tool or equipment, and an example of one tool that checks these factors:

With the Fuji One Shot, a _________ is used to check detail, and a __________ is used to check noise.

In reject analysis, almost half of the images are rejected due to:

created by using higher techniques than recommended by the technique chart and using plus densities with AEC:

used by engineers and scientists to mean the ratio between the highest detectable radiation level and the lowest detectable radiation level for an image receptor:

used by technologists to mean the ratio of the highest exposure factor selection or the lowest exposure factor selection on the x-ray generator that will produce an acceptable radiographic image:

the ____________ puts the image within diagnostic range, while ___________ give the ranges of gray needed for specific anatomical parts.

with DR, the ____________ value is much lower than the ___________.

when an image is underexposed the image will appear __________, while overexposure __________________

with the guidance of histograms and the look-up table, changes in ____________ are made to improve contrast in DR.

helps in matching the appearance of the image on different electronic displays and helps to equalize the human observer's perception of contrast in light and in dart areas of the image.

Some electronic displays change Gray-Scale Display Function (GSDF) automatically for:

_________________ has defined QC tests for electronic displays intended for primary interpretation.

list errors that can occur in the delivery of DR images from acquisition stations to PACS (7):

Reminder!!! after 8 hours, _______% of image quality may be lost.

Who verifies patient ID and exam info and how often?

Who verifies patient positioning and how often?

Who verifies image quality (whether to release or repeat) and how often?

Who verifies exams in PACS and how often?

Who reconciles patient data & image counts in PACS and how often?

Who reports substandard images and how often?

Who erases cassette-based image receptors and how often?

Who tests image receptor uniformity how often?

Who cleans cassette-based image receptors and how often?

Who compiles and reviews reject analysis data and how often?

Who verifies display calibrations and how often?

Who verifies x-ray generator functions and how often?

Who verifies receptor calibrations and how often?

Who reviews QC indicators and how often?

In the U.S. the specifics of QC for digital mammography is set by the federal government under the:

Tomosynthesis in DM was recently approved by who and when?