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HIV and AIDs
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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Acquired
Not inherited, caused by exposure to some agent
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Immunodeficiency
- Loss of immune system
- inability to fight of infectious disease
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What makes HIV and AIDs so deadly?
- HIV invades and kills helper t cells
- Sometimes helper t cells are called CD4 cells or Tcells
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Process of Translation DNA to proteins
- transcriptions translation
- DNA---------------------------RNA-----------------------Protein
- Transcription- transcribe (copy) DNA to RNA
- Translation- translate RNA to a protein
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Normal Course of HIV infection- New Infection
- Entering a bunch of the helper t cells and copying then killing all the helper t cells
- After 25 days anti-bodies start to arrive
- Brand new HIV is very infectious
- Feel like you have the flu
- Helper t cell court is dropping
- HIV virus is replicating rapidly
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Normal Course of HIV infection- Asymptomatic Phase
- Helper t cells are up
- Little or any detectable virus to blood
- Lots of circulating antibodies
- No symptoms
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What is a dormant helper t cell?
HIV is present in non-hiv (dormant) CD4 helper t cells not just HIV helper t cells
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HIV Infects dormant helper t cells
- Anti HIV antibodies cant defect the virus in these cells. So its hidden from the immune system
- Blood load is low or non detectable but virus is put gone
- A person cannot get no HIV
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When an agent that is specific for a non-HIV helper t-cell that is harboring the HIV comes along...
- The dormant cell becomes active and transcribes its DNA along with the viral DNA
- New virus is made
- Always coming encounter with stuff so helper t cells keep being made which means more virus
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Opportunistic Infections
Yeast infections, sores, diarrhea, swollen lymph nodes, fevers, and cough
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AIDS- Defining infection
- Only old people get or people with AIDs get
- Helper t cell low count
- Person has AIDs defining infection
- Person dies of infection not HIV intself
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AZT
- Reverse transcription inhibiter
- Goes through and sticks it to the RNA just like the nucleotides. But this doesnt make DNA which leads to not making new viruses.
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Natural Selection
- Natural variations in thing, based on the premiss that there is natural genetic variations in things.
- Some traits inherited give an advantage that helps someone with a trait of survival.
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HIV involves resistance to AZT
- Doesnt think its a nucleotide anymore so it goes on to make DNA with HIV
- Now a days 50-60% are already resistant to AZT
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Combination Drug Therapy
- Start with different variants of HIV particles
- Combination drug therapy reduces replication and survival of all variants
- New mutants are uncommon
- To avoid the 5 drugs it would have to make resistant to all 5 drugs
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Problems with Combination drug therapy
- Lots of side affects
- Take drugs to combat the side affects
- Cost of drugs
- Controls your life, so many pills, so many things you have to do with pills, take them at the right time every day.
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Status of Vaccine
- Everything they have tried has failed
- Vaccine that works in monkeys, inject a line virus but its non pathogenetic which wont hurt you
- Afraid they will give someone AIDs by giving them the vaccine
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AIDs today
- Have to report to state if you have
- Sexual contact biggest transport of it
- DC- 3% of people HIV positive. 6.5% of AA males are HIV positive
- 2007- 33 million have it
- Newly infected 2.7 million
- AIDs death in 2007 2 million
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