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How many vertebrae do we have after fusion occurs?
26
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How many vertebrae do we have before fusion occurs?
33
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How many of each type of vertebrae do we have in the body?
- 7 cervical (convex/lordosis)
- 12 thoracic (concave/kyphosis)
- 5 lumbar (convex/lordosis)
- 5 sacral (concave/kyphosis)-fused
- 3-5 coccygeal (coccyx)-fused
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Where are the intervertebral discs located, and how many are there?
between vertebrae
23
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What is the function of intervertebral discs?
- absorb shock
- allows mvmt between vertebrae
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What is the outer fibrous ring of the interveterbral disc called?
annulus fibrous
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What is the inner soft ring of the intervertebral disc called?
nucleus pulposus
high water content, in center of disc
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If a pt bends backwards, which way are the discs going to move?
pushed forward (anterior)
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If a pt bends forward, which way are the discs going to move?
discs pushed backwards (posterior)
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What are some reasons for loss of sustance of a disc?
- rupture of nucleus pulposus (HNP)
- DJD (degenerative jt disease)
- CA/tumor
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What is another name for the rupture of nucleus pulposus?
herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)
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What are some functions of the curves in the spine?
- increase strength/stability
- increase resilience (elasticity/flexability)
- helps maintain the upright posture
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What are some functions of the vertebral column?
- support hed and body
- protection for spinal cord
- muscular attachment
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What is another name and some characteristics for the vertebral body?
centrum
- anterior, weight bearing
- gets largers the farther down you go
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What vertebrae have no body?
C1, C2
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What is another name for the vertebral arch?
neural arch
connects arches, posterior portion
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What 3 types of processes are in a vertebra?
- spinous
- transverse
- articular
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Where are spinous processes located, and whats their function?
posteriorly and inferiorly from the junction of the lamina
muscle and ligament attachements
pokey part you can touch on your back, stick out
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Where are the transverse processes located, and whats their function?
where lamina and pedicle meet; they extend laterally on each side
muscle and ligament attachement
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What is another name for the articular processes?
articular facets.....where 2 vertebrae articulate
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What 2 types of articular facets are there on a vertebra?
- superior articular facet
- inferior articular facet
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What are some functions of facets?
- shape and direction determines the type of mvmt between the vertebra
- prevent the vertebrae from slipping forward
- bears weight temporarily when one arises from a flexed position
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What type of mvmt do facets allow in the lumbar region?
flex/ext
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What type of mvmt do facets allow in the thoracic region?
rotation/sidebending
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What type of mvmts do facets allow in the cervical region?
all..flex/ext/sidebending/rotation
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What is the big hole in the middle of a vertebra for the spinal cord?
neural/vertebral foramina
formed by the body and neural arch
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What is formed by the superior vertebra notch of the vertebra below, and the inferior vertebrae notch of the vertebra above?
intervertebral foramina
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What type of foramina is only in the cervical region?
transverse
on the sides for the vertebral artery
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What doe the spinous processes of C2-C6 look like?
short and bifid with a cleft (bifurcated)
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What vertebra supports the head?
C1-atlas.....has no body or spinous processes
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What joint articulates the atlas and the occupital condyles of the skull?
atlanto-occiptal joint
synovial-condyloid-biaxial
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What vertebra is the only one that contains a dens (odontoid process)?
C2, axis
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What joint articulates the atlas and axis?
atlantoaxial joint
synovial-uniaxial-pivot
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What is another name for the C7 vertebra?
vertebral prominens
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In what region do the ribs articulate?
thoracic region....costovertebral facets
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In what plane are the costovertebral facets/thoracic lumbar facets located?
frontal
sidebending, rotation
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In what plane are the lumbar facets located?
sagittal plane
flex/ext
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What type of vertebrae are the largest and strongest?
lumbar
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What is the function of the sacral vertebrae?
5fused together
strong foundation for the pelvic girdle?
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How many fused vertebrae make up the coccygeal vertebrae?
- 3-5
- articulates with sacrum
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Which vertebral column ligament limits extension, is on the side of the vertebral body, and fuses with the sacrum?
anterior longitudinal ligament
more superior, the more thiner
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Which vertebral column ligament limits flexion, and runs on he backside of the vertebral body?
posterior longitudinal ligament
more inferior, the more thiner
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What vertebral ligament connects adjacent laminae anteriorly?
ligamentum flava
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What vertebral ligament runs along the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum?
supraspinous ligament
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Ligamentum nuchae is found where?
only in the cervical spine, and takes place of supraspinous and interspinous ligaments....ends at C7
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What vertebral ligament is between successive spinous processes starting at T1 and below?
interspinous ligaments
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Flex, ext, and hyperextension occur in what plane on what axis?
sagittal plane on a frontal axis
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Rotation occurs on what plane and what axis?
transverse plane on a vertical axis
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Lateral side bending occurs on what plane and what axis?
frontal plane on a sagittal axis
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Mvmts of the vertebral column are limited by what?
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Most mvmts in the lumbar spine occur between which vertebrae?
L4-5, L5-S1
lumbar spine is most often injured, bears most weight
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Intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies are what type of joint?
amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous)
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