microbioligy

foob bourne illness, common in terrapins mesophile

raw poultry/ eggs/ milk/ meat, people ,sewage water, pests, soil, environment.

vehicles; cooked poultry, meat, raw milk, egg products

mp. thorough cooking, hygenic slaughter , avoid raw eggs/ milk, good personal hygine, good desighn of premises, seperation of raw and high risk, integrated pest management/ exclusion off ill personel

infectious anerobic spore former, mesophile

s. human/animal faeces, soil, dust, pests, raw meat/poultry

v; stews, cosseroles, rolled joints, meat pies

mp; seperation, rapid cooling, refridgerated storage, good pesonal hygine, staff training, cleaning and dissinfecting, restrict joint size.

heat resistant exotoxin in food, salt tolerant

humans/ skin/ nose/ spots/ boils, raw milk, soil, environment, animal gut/ hides

milk and dairy products, desserts, custards, cooked meats, cooked poultry, buffet type food, prawns

good personal hygine, handwashing, reduced handling, avoid raw milk, refrigeration of high risk food, exclusion/ colds, flu, spots, boils, cuts

spore former, heat resistant exotoxin in food

s; cereals(rice), spices, cornflour, beansprouts, soil, dust, died foods, intestinal tract of humans

v; reheated rice, cornflour products, food containing spices

mp;cook and serve, hot hold above 63, rapid cooling, refrigerated storage, thorough reheating, avoid cross contamination, proper cleaning

anerobic spore former, neurotoxin in food

s;intestines of fish/animals, soil, vegetables

v;canned bottled/food, honey(infint botulism)

mp;discard blown/damaged cans,care gutting/preping raw fish, good manufacturing practice during canning, bottling and smoking

affect kidneys, bloody diarrheoa, can be effective in very low doses

human/animal faeces,raw meat, apple juice, sewage, dirty water

v; under cooked burgers, raw milk, unpasturised apple juice,cheese

mp;better hygine at farms, thorough cooking, avoid cross contamination,staff training, hassp system in place, personal hygine, avoid untreated milk/cheese/apple juice, double wash salad vegetables

phsycrotrophic, can cause abortions in pregnant women, salt tollerant

s; environment, soil, sewage, dirty water,human/animal faeces

v;soft cheeses, pate, butter, chilled food, raw milk, unwashed salad vegetables

mp;proper irragation, avoid cross contamination, thorough cooking, staff training ,good cleaning, stock rotation, high risk groups should avoid soft cheese/ pate/ contact with farm animals,