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What type of muscle is multinucleated?
skeletal
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What is the order of muscle breakdown starting with muscle fibers?
muscle fibers -> myofibrils -> myofilaments -> actin and myosin
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The ANS controls what?
viceral organs
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The CNS controls what?
brain and spinal cord
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The PNS controls what?
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
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UMN occurs in what system?
CNS - you heat etc. bc theyre super tight, stretch them out
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LMN occurs in what system?
PNS - strengthen them bc theyre super weak
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What type of neuron excites skeletal muscle and contractions-motor activity?
alpha motor neuron
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What type of neuron receies sensory activity from the environment?
sensory neuron
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What type of neuron is a mix of alpha and sensory?
spinal nerves
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What is the area where the nerves meet with the muscles?
neuromuscular junction
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What is a motor unit?
motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
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What is a motor end plate?
where nerve fibers are connecting with muscle
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What is the all or none principle?
once a stimulus is applied, idv. muscle fibers of a motor unit will contract to their fullest extent or not at all
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What is the inability of contractile and metabolic processes of the muscle fibers to continue supplying the same work output?
fatigue
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What is an increase in muscle size (actual diameter of muscle fiber increases)?
hypertrophy
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What are specialized nerve endings that detect sensory information concerning movement and posture?
proprioceptors
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What two muscle organs contain neurological tissue?
- muscle spindle
- golgi tendon organ
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What is the main sensory organ of a muscle, detecting change in the length of muscle fibers (stretch receptors that receive signal)?
muscle spindle
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What detects change in tension rather than length (helps relax muscle if its too tight)?
golgi tendon organ
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What is the tension/length curve?
tension a m. fiber develops varies with the length of a fiber
muscles work better if put on a stretch before its contracted...kicking a ball, throwing a ball
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What is kinetic?
consisting of motions, moving
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What are the forces acting on the body during mvmt and the interactions of sequence motion with respect to time and forces (causing mvmt) present?
kinetics
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What are kinematics?
branch of biomechanics concerned with the description of mvmts of the segments of the body without regard to the forces that caused the mvmt to occur
-time, space, mass aspects of a moving system
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What is a series of links connected in such a way to cause motion?
kinetic chains
if 1 link is moved, motion is caused at other links
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What type of kinetic chain has a fixed distal segment, and the proximal segments move?
closed kinetic chain
- squat- knee and ankle affected
- push up
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What type of kinetic chain has a distal end thats free to move while the proximal segment is stationary?
open kinetic chain
- leg raise - knee and ankle not affected
- chest flies
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What are some characteristics of an open kinetic chain?
- NWB postion
- distal end free
- KC interrupted (can complete a motion with 1 jt w/o affecting other jts)
- trains single jt or m. group
- must postpone exercise until edema ad inflammation decrease
- concentric/eccentric
- body weight/mechanical/manual resistance
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What are some characteristics of a closed kinetic chain?
- approximation of the jts (jts move closer together)
- WB postition
- distal end fixed
- KC operational (affecting multiple jts)
- trains multiple joints and m. groups
- allows proprioception to be reestablished early
- reduces pain if performed submaximally
- body weight/mechanical/manual resistance
- resembles more normal functional ADLs
- concentric/eccentric
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What is a steamboat?
when using 4 way hip to stablize the opposite foot
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