A stable set of characteristics that affect or influence one’s behavior is defined as _______________________
Personality
Two key traits attributed to top performing officers are ______________ and ___________ ______________.
Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability
General Mental Ability (GMA) is the single best predictor of ______ __________ across many occupations studied in both here in the U.S. and across different cultures.
Work performance
Characteristics of Internals:
1) Have higher job ____________ and ____________;
2) Are more likely to assume _________ positions;
3) Prefer ___________ management styles;
4) Desire a __________ in how work is performed
satisfaction and performance
manager
participative
voice
Those who have an ________ ______ __ _______desire a voice in how work is performed and will not react well to being closely supervised.
Internal locus of control
General ____-_______ is a person’s overall view of himself/herself as being able to perform effectively in a wide variety of situations, including the ability to deal with the events and challenges that make life demanding.
Self-efficacy
______-___________ is the extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations.
Self-Monitoring
The behavior of ________ self-monitors is consistent across situations.
low
Jung contended that the extraversion/introversion preference was the most important _____________ between individuals.
distinction
Which of the following is NOT part of the “Big Five” Personality Traits:
E. Heredity
Managers should encourage employees to raise their self-esteem by giving them appropriate __________ and _____________ for success.
Challenges and opportunities
____________ _________________is the process of interpreting information about another person.
Social Perception
____________ ____________ an individual’s pattern of thinking or thought process. It’s the manner in which we assemble and interpret information about another person.
Cognitive structure
Stereotyping, selective perception, and first impression error may cause a job interviewer to do what?
To make an incorrect hiring decision based solely on an applicants physical appearance.
A person does not have an attitude until they respond on these three basis; _____________, _________________ and _______________.
AFFECT or Affective
BEHAVIOR or Behavior intentions
COGNITION or Thought
_________ ________________ is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences.
Job satisfaction
_______________ ________________ is defined as a behavior that is above and beyond the call of duty in behalf of the organization.
Organizational citizenship
Terminal values represent the ______ ___ ___ ____________ or the end state of existence.
Goals to be achieved
1. Which of the following is not part of the values that have a profound effect on choice of jobs
A. Concern for Others
B. Honesty
C. Achievement
D. Pay
E. Fairness
Payis not part of the four values
__________________is a personality characteristic whereby one does whatever it takes to get one's way - Ends justify the means…better to win at all costs
Machiavellianism
_________________ is the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior.
Motivation
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs starts with _______________ _____ and ends with _______ __________________ ___ __________.
Physiological Needs
Self-Actualization of Needs
True or False – According to Maslow, once a need is satisfied it’s no longer a motivator.
True
___________ is the ability to influence another person.
Power
_____________ is the right to influence another person and provides the legitimacy to one’s job.
Authority
What type of power do supervisors most often use during the disciplinary process?
A. Reward Power
B. Legitimate Power
C. Coercive Power
D. Referent Power
E. Expert Power
Coercive
True or False - People using minimalpersonal power are referred to as Machiavellian (High-Machs).
False – they rely heavily onpersonal power
McClelland stated the best managers have a high need for social power and a low need for ___________________.
Affiliation
According to the "Equity Theory", people are motivated because they find themselves in a situations of inequity or ___________.
Unfairness
The Expectancy Theory of Motivation is a cognitive process theory of motivation whereby people desire rewards when effort is put forth…It focusses on _____________ ____________________.
Personal Perception
One of the three key constructs of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation is: ____________________ :the value or importance one places on a particular rewards.
Valence
One of the key constructs of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation is: ____________________ : the belief that performance is directly related to rewards.
Instrumentality
A process of interpreting information about another person is called ___________ ______________
Social perception
One’s psychological tendency to evaluate others with some degree of favor or disfavor reflects a person’s ______________________.
Attitude
When an officer/employee remains with the department because he or she faces significant exit barriers, this is called _______________ commitment
Continuance
True or False - Internal incentives emphasize such things as employee recognition, stock ownership, and flexible benefit packages.
False – These are external incentives
______________ _____________ are goals to be achieved; the end states of existence.
Terminal values
_________________ and __________________ __________ are two traits commonly associated with top performing employees.
Conscientious
Emotional Stability
The behavior of _____ ______-___________ is consistent across situations.
Low Self-Monitors
A supervisor’s high expectations and subsequent high performance of subordinates becomes a _____- __________ _______.
Self-Fulling Prophecy
The process by which individuals try to control the impressions others have of them is most likely to occur in a _______ ________________.
Job Interview
________________ ________________ explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own behavior or that of others.
Attribution Theory
_________________-_________________ individuals attribute their success to ability and their failures to lack of effort, both internal causes.
Achievement-Oriented
The tension produced by a conflict between attitudes and behavior is ________________ ______________.
Cognitive Dissonance
What are the two major influences on attitudes?
Direct Experience
Social Learning
Four processes must take place for an individual to learn from observing model, which one is not one of them?
- Focusing Attention
- Retaining
- Not being aware of the model's presence
- Behavior Reproduction or practice
- Motivation
Not being aware of the model's presence
________________ ______________ is the strength of an individual’s identification with an organization.
Organizational Commitment
____________ ____________ encompasses loyalty to the organization. (Cat loyalty)
Affective Commitment
____________ ____________ is an employee's tendency to remain in an organization because the person cannot afford to leave, because of significant exit barriers.
Continuance Commitment
The three Source Characteristics are:
Expertise
Trustworthiness
Attractiveness
What are the two cognitive routes to persuasion?
Central
Peripheral
Which of the following is the manner in which we assemble and interpret information about another person? An individual’s pattern of thinking or thought process.
B. Cognitive structure
______________ __________ is the process by which individuals try to control the impressions others have of them. Most likely to occur in a job interview.
Impression Management
True or False – Attitude is defined as a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor
True
_______________ values reflect the means to achieving goals.
Instrumental
______________ values represent the goals to be achieved or the end states of existence.
Terminal
Name the four work related values relevant to individuals:
Achievement
Concern for others
Honesty
Fairness
_________ at work are important because, directly or indirectly, they affect work behavior.
Attitudes
What are the appoaches to motivation?
There are several approaches to motivation, and one or another may be useful in specific organizational contexts, with specific individuals or groups, at different times
Modern management practices emphasize __________ __________, which may take either strictly economic form or more material forms.
external incentives
Maslow's ___________ hypothesis theory states that only ungratified needs motivate behavior.
Progression
In McGregor’s theories of assumptions, Theory X is: _____ and Theory Y is: ______
X = is LOW(Lower order of needs)
Y = is HIGH(Higher order of needs)
Salary or Pay is both a motivation and a __________ factor.
hygiene
People with a ________ need for _________ like to control people and events.
high
power
One of the three key constructs of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation is: ____________________ :the belief that effort leads to performance.
Expectancy
If a ‘manager trainee’ is assigned to work with a ‘mentor manager’ then the relationship is based upon ___________ Power.
Referent
______________ Power is least likely available to non-supervisory technical employee.
Legitamate
____________ Power has been called the power of the future; it has the strongest relationship with performance.
Expert
____________ of _______________is the range in which attempts to influence a person will be perceived as legitimate and will be acted on without a great deal of thought.
Zone of Indifference
For power related behaviors to be considered ethical they must meet all three criteria, which are:
Distributive Justice
Utilitarian Outcomes
Individual Rights
__________ behavior refers to actions notofficially sanctioned by an organization that are taken to influence others in order to meet one’s personal goals. (- side)
Political
Organizational __________ is the use of power and influence in organizations.
politics
When a manager that treats others as objects to get ahead or views situations as win-lose, they are relying on ___________ power.
Personal
______________ is the least effective tactic.
Pressure
Enlarging the ‘Zone of Indifference' is accomplished with ___________ rather than with _____________.
Power
Authority
____________ skill is the ability to get things done through positive interpersonal relationships outside the formal organization.
Political
Political skill is made up of four key dimensions, they are:
Social astuteness
Interpersonal influence
Networking ability
Sincerity
The positive face of power is _________ power.
social
The four dimensions comprising the essence of empowerment are:
Meaning
Competence
Impact
Self-Determination
A person considered Machiavellian would rely on __________ power.
personal
If a person has the ability to affect the thoughts, behavior, and feelings of another person, they have ____________.
influence
__________ is the institutionalized power that is inherent to the position rather than the individuals.
Authority
True or False- If a manager asks you to purchase a gift for his wife, or over charge a client for services, this falls outside the 'Zone of Indifference'.