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Adhesions
- The union of two opposing tissue surfaces.
- This term is often used to refer to the sides of a wound, as well as to scar tissue strands that can form at the site of a previous operation, such as within the abdomen after a laparotomy.
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Amputation
Removal of part or all of a body part
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Anastomosis
a: a communication between or coalescence of blood vessels b: the surgical union of parts and especially hollow tubular parts
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apnea
- transient cessation of respiration
- whether normal (as in hibernating animals) or abnormal
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Arthroplasty
plastic surgery of a joint (as the hip or knee) : the operative formation or restoration of a joint
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Atelectasis
collapse of the expanded lung
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anemia
a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume
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Autologous blood transfusion
involving one individual as both donor and recipient
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arthrocopy
examination of a joint with an arthroscope
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Malignancy
tending to produce death or deterioration; especially: tending to infiltrate, metastasize, and terminate fatally
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Neoplasm
a new growth of tissue serving no physiological function : tumor
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nosocomial infection
acquired or occurring in a hospital
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Palliative surgery
ease without curing
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AKA
above the knee amputation
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acute
having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course
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aura
a subjective sensation (as of voices or colored lights or crawling and numbness) experienced before an attack of some nervous disorders (as epilepsy or migraine)
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adjuvant drugs
- serving to aid or contribute;
- assisting in the prevention, amelioration, or cure of disease
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anabolism
- building up of cells
- the constructive part of metabolism
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antibiotic resistant microrganism
an organism that has become immune to antibiotics
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antibiotic
medicine that kills bacteria
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autonomy
the quality or state of being independent, free, and self-directing
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Health Insurance Por·ta·bil·i·ty and Accountability Act
a federal law enacted in 1996 that protects continuity of health coverage when a person changes or loses a job, that limits health-plan exclusions for preexisting medical conditions, that requires that patient medical information be kept private and secure, that standardizes electronic transactions involving health information, and that permits tax deduction of health insurance premiums by the self-employed—abbreviation HIPAA
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PCA
Patient controlled analgesia
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Penrose drain
abdominal drain placed in a wound to drain fluid. It consists of a soft rubber tube placed in a wound area, to prevent the build up of fluid.
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Paralytic ileus
- obstruction of the bowel;
- ileus resulting from failure of peristalsis
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Perioperative period
the time before, during and after surgery
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Postoperative period
the time after surgery
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Benign neoplasm
- a new growth of tissue serving no physiological function : tumor
- does not threaten health or life
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Preoperative period
the time right before surgery
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Regional anesthesia
anesthesia of a region of the body accomplished by a series of encircling injections of an anesthetic
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Sterile field
an area that is free from living organisms and especially microorganisms
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Sepsis
a systemic response to a serious usually localized infection (as of the abdomen or lungs) especially of bacterial origin
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Biopsy
the removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body
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cancer
malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis
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Debridement
the usually surgical removal of lacerated, devitalized, or contaminated tissue
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Dehiscence
the parting of the sutured lips of a surgical wound
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Evisceration
to protrude through a surgical incision or suffer protrusion of a part through an incision
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General anesthesia
anesthesia affecting the entire body and accompanied by loss of consciousness
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Granulation tissue
tissue made up of granulations that temporarily replaces lost tissue in a wound
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Spinal anesthesia
anesthesia produced by injection of an anesthetic into the subarachnoid space of the spine
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Hematoma
- a mass of usually clotted blood that forms in a tissue, organ, or body space as a result of a broken blood vessel
- a large black and blue mark
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Hemovac
sucking machine for wounds
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Intraoperative period
occurring, carried out, or encountered in the course of surgery
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Suture
- a stitch made with a suture
- b: a strand or fiber used to sew parts of the living body
- c: the act or process of sewing with sutures
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Laparoscopy
- 1: visual examination of the inside of the abdomen by means of a laparoscope
- 2: an operation (as tubal ligation or gallbladder removal) involving laparoscopy
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VAC Dressing
V.A.C. is an abbreviation for Vacuum Assisted Closure®, a system for applying negative pressure to wounds, which is claimed to accelerate healing of chronic wounds.
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Serous
- of, relating to, producing, or resembling serum
- especially having a thin watery constitution
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Serosanguineous
containing or consisting of both blood and serous fluid
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Sanguineous
of, relating to, or containing blood
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Purulent
containing, consisting of, or being pus
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aplastic
apla·sia
- not exhibiting growth or change in structure
- incomplete or faulty development of an organ or part
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hemoglobin
any of numerous iron-containing respiratory pigments of red blood cells that functions primarily in the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body
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hemolytic
- anemia caused by excessive destruction of red blood cells
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(as in chemical poisoning, infection, or sickle-cell anemia)
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hyperchromic
- 1. excessive pigmentation (as of the skin)
- 2: a state of the red blood cells marked by increase in the hemoglobin content
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hypochromic
- 1: deficiency of color or pigmentation
- 2: deficiency of hemoglobin in the red blood cells (as in nutritional anemia)
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intrinsic factor
a substance produced by the normal gastrointestinal mucosa that facilitates absorption of vitamin B12
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macrocytic
an exceptionally large red blood cell occurring chiefly in anemias (as pernicious anemia)—
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microcytic
an abnormally small red blood cell present especially in some anemias
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pernicious anemia
- a severe hyperchromic anemia
- hemoglobin content of the red blood cells decrease in number increase in size
- pallor,
- weakness,
- gastrointestinal and nervous disturbances
- associated with reduced ability to absorb vitamin B12 due to the absence of intrinsic factor—called also addisonian anemia
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BKA
below the knee amputation
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crepitus
grating or crackling sound or sensation (as that produced by the fractured ends of a bone moving against each other)
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closed reduction
the reduction of a displaced part (as a fractured bone) by manipulation without incision
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fracture
the breaking of hard tissue as bone
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dislocation
displacement of one or more bones at a joint
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fusion
the surgical immobilization of a joint
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internal fixation
the immobilization of the parts of a fractured bone especially by the use of various metal attachments
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herniated nucleus pulposus
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ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
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laminectomy
Share on twitterLaminectomy is surgery to remove the lamina, part of the bone that makes up a vertebra, or bone spurs in your back. The procedure can take pressure off your spinal nerves or spinal canal.
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MRI
- magnetic resonance imaging
- also: a procedure in which magnetic resonance imaging is used
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open reduction
realignment of a fractured bone after incision into the fracture site
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osteoarthritis
- degenerative and sometimes hypertrophic changes in the bone and cartilage of one or more joints
- progressive wearing down of apposing joint surfaces
- symptomatically especially by pain, swelling, and stiffness
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radiculopathy
any pathological condition of the nerve roots
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spinal stenosis
narrowing of the lumbar spinal column that produces pressure on the nerve roots resulting in sciatica and a condition resembling intermittent claudication and that usually occurs in middle or old age
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traction
a pulling force exerted on a skeletal structure (as in a fracture) by means of a special device or apparatus
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spondylolisthesis
forward displacement of a lumbar vertebra on the one below it and especially of the fifth lumbar vertebra on the sacrum producing pain by compression of nerve roots
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sprain
- a sudden or violent twist or wrench of a joint causing the stretching or tearing of ligaments and often rupture of blood vessels with hemorrhage into the tissues
- usually marked by swelling, inflammation, hemorrhage, and discoloration
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strain
- undue stretching of muscles or ligaments
- mechanical overloading
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EEG
- electroencephalogram
- electroencephalograph
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gingival hyperplasia
in the gums, an abnormal or unusual increase in the elements composing a part (as cells composing a tissue)
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rhizotomy
the operation of cutting the anterior or posterior spinal nerve roots
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status epilepticus
a single prolonged seizure or a series of seizures without intervening full recovery of consciousness
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trigger zones
A specific area that, when stimulated by touch, pain, or pressure, excites an attack of neurologic pain
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neuropathy
an abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves
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tonic-clonic
a generalized seizure that is initially tonic and then becomes clonic and is characterized by the abrupt loss of consciousness
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varicella-zoster virus
chicken pox
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pain threshold
- the point where one starts feeling pain
- mostly uniform from person to person
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pain tolerance
the amount of pain a person will allow before taking pain relievers
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endorphins
any of a group of endogenous peptides found especially in the brain that bind chiefly to opiate receptors and produce some of the same pharmacological effects (as pain relief) as those of opiates
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parenteral
introduced otherwise than by way of the intestines
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nociceptors
a receptor for injurious or painful stimuli : a pain sense organ
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referred pain
pain felt in one place but it actually comes from somewhere else
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intramuscular
administered by entering a muscle
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subcutaneous
under the skin
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bariatrics
a branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of obesity
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carbohydrates
any of various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (as sugars, starches, and celluloses) most of which are formed by green plants and which constitute a major class of animal foods
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catabolism
breaking down to release energy
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fats
animal tissue consisting chiefly of cells distended with greasy or oily matter
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metabolism
- the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is
- anabolism + catabolism
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minerals
compound that results from the inorganic processes of nature
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morbid obesity
a condition that is characterized by excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body and that in an adult is typically indicated by a body mass index of 30 or greater
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nosocomial infection
an infection acquired or occurring in a hospital
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RDA
recommended daily allowance
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superinfection
a second infection superimposed on an earlier one especially by a different microbial agent of exogenous or endogenous origin that is resistant to the treatment used against the first infection
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vitamins
organic substances that are essential in minute quantities to the nutrition
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acidosis
a condition in which there is an excessive proportion of acid in the blood and thus an abnormally low blood pH
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Alkalosis
excessive proportion of alkali in the blood
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adrenal cortex
the outer portion of the adrenal gland that secretes hormones
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adrenal mudulla
inner portion of adrenal gland
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afferent
carrying toward the center
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albumin
a type of protein found in blood plasma
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anaphase
a stage of mitosis when the chromosomes move to opposite poles
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anaplasia
an abnormal growth, tumor, neoplasm
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arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
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ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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atelectasis
collapse of the alvoeli of the lung
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bolus
a small hunk of chewed food ready to be swallowed
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bradycardia
slow heart rhythm
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callus
bony tissue that connect the ends of a broken bone to help it heal
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carbohydrate
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, sugars, starches, cellulose
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cecum
pouch at the end of the large intestine
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
cycles of apnea and hyperventilation associated with brain injury or drug overdose
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Chlamydia
bacterium that infects human cells
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cholecystectomy
gallbladder removal
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cholelithiasis
gallstones
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chyme
partially digested food leaving the stomach
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colitis
inflammation of the colon
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compensated metabolic acidosis
the body successfully adjusts its chemistry after metabolic acidosis developed
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concave
depressed surface
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Cushing syndrome
hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex
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diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone
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distole
the relaxation of the heart between contractions
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distolic pressure
the blood pressure in the arteries during diastole
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distal
towards the end of a structure, away from the middle
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duodenum
the beginning of the small intestine where most chemical digestion happens
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dysentery
inflammation of the colon
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dyspnea
difficulty or painful breathing
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dysuria
painful urination
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efferent
carrying away from the center
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embolism
obstruction that is moving in the blood stream
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enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
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enuresis
involuntary urination
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epiglottis
lid overhanging the larynx
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epiphyseal fracture
the end of the bone, the growth plate, is broken
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epiphysis
the end of a long bone
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erythema
redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes
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erythrocytes
red blood cells
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gastritis
inflammation of the lining of the stomach
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gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
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hematocrit
volume percent of blood cells in the whole blood
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food poisoning
Gastroenteritis/enteritis
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hematopoiesis
blood cell formation
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hematuria
blood in the urine
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hemoglobin
iron containing protein in red blood cells
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hypoxia
not enough oxygen in the blood
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ileum
the end of the small intestine
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lesion
any objective abnormality in a body structure
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ligament
white fibrous tissue connecting bones
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neuroma
nervous tissue tumor
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oliguria
scanty amounts of urine
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orthopnea
difficulty breathing that is relieved by sitting up
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papillae
small, nipple shaped elevations
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papilloma
benign skin tumor
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peritoneum
slippery sheet that lines the abdomen/pelvic cavity
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pleura
membrane in the thoracic cavity
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popliteal
behind the knees
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stoma
opening creating in a colostomy
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synovial fluid
lubrication fluid between bones and joints
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systole
contraction of the heart
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tacycardia
fast heart rate
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tic douloureux
trigeminal neuralgia
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anticholinergic
blocking the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerve; used to treat spastic disorders of the GI tract, to reduce salivary and bronchial secretions before surgery to dilate the pupil
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steatorrhea
bulky, foul-smelling stool
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borborygmi
loud, rushing bowel sounds indicate increased peristalsis
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Orthostatic hypotension
- a drop in BP of more than 10
- pulse increase of 10 beats per minute
- when changing from a lying to a sitting position or
- from a sitting to a standing position.
- It is an indicator of fluid volume deficit.
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parietal peritoneum
serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal cavity
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visceral peritoneum
serous membrane lining the abdominal organs
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septicemia
a systemic disease caused by pathogens or their toxins in the blood
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peritonitis
contamination of peritoneal cavity by infection or a chemical irritant
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cantho-
angle at the end of the eyelid
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steno-
narrow, contracted
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oste/o, oss/i, osse/o
bone
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ur/o, urin/o
urine, urinary system
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myel-
marrow, spinal cord
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hyper-
above, more than normal
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cyst-
sac containing fluid
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-lysis
loosening, destruction
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gen-
original, production
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lumen
inside space of a tube
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thrombocytopenia
decrease of platelets in the blood
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leukopenia
decrease in white blood cells
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Hematochezia
stool containing red blood and clots
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melena
black, tarry stool, due to containing blood
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hematemesis
vomiting blood
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Thrombus
a blood clot formed by aggregation of platelets
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thrombocytopenia
low blood platelet count
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leukorrhea
vaginal discharge (during pregnancy)
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antepartal care
the care of a pregnant woman, begins with conception and ends with the onset of labor
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Gravida
refers to how many times a woman has been pregnant, reguardless of the outcome.
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para
any birth that occured after 20 weeks gestation
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GTPAL
- T = number of term infants born (after 37 weeks)
- P = number of preterm infants born ( 20 - 37 weeks)
- A = number of pregancies ended before 20 weeks
- L = number of current children living
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nullgravida
a woman who has never been pregnant
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primigravida
a woman who is pregnant for the first time
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multigravida
a woman who is pregnant for at least the second time.
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Nasopharyngitis
common cold
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