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Sulfonylureas
Stimulate insulin secretion from beta cells by blocking K+ channel.
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Tolazamide/Tolinase
Sulfonylureas, 1st generation, t1/2 7hrs
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Tolbutamide/Orinase
Sulfonylureas, 1st, 4.5-6.5 hrs, no active metabolite.
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Chlorpropamide/Diabinese
Sulfonylureas, 1st, 36 hrs, active metabolite
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Acetohexamide/Dymelor
Sulfonylureas, 1st, 6-8hrs, active met.
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Glipizide/Glucotrol
Sulfony., 2nd, 2-4hrs, no active met.
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Glyburide/Diabeta
Sulfony. 2nd, nonmicronized 10hrs, weakly active met.
Micronized 4hrs.
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Glimepiride/Amaryl
Sulfony. 3rd, 9hrs, active met. Cause translocation of the GLUT-4, and binds to a different protein then normal Sulfony.
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Rosiglitazone/Avandia
Oral Thiazolidinediones, Type 2, works in the presence of insulin. Increase tissue sensitivity by increasing PPAR activity. Possible hepatic failure.
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Pioglitazone/Actos
Oral Thiaz. Metabolized by 3A4, decreases oral contra.
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Repaglinide/Prandin
Type 2, Non-Sulfonylurea analog, Stimulates insulin secretion.
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Metformin/Glucophage
Type 2, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis, decrease GI glucose absorption, increase peripheral insulin sensitivity.
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Nateglinide/starlix
Type 2, stimulate insulin release
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Acarbose/Precose
Type 2 as an adjunct to Sulfony or insulin, decrease carbo absorption by inhibiting alfa-glucosidase. Take with first bite of food!
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Glipizide and Metformin
Metaglip
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Rosiglitazone and Metformin
Avadamet
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Glyburide and Metformin
Glucovance
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Rosiglitazone and Glimepiride
Avandaryl
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Pioglitazone and Metformin
ACTOplus
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Repaglinide and Metformin
Prandimet
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Insulin glulisine/Apidra
Recomb, rapid acting, Produced in Ecoli
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Insulin Determir/Levemir
Recomb, long acting 24hr, also undergoes chemical mod with a fatty acid.
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Insulin glargine/Lantus
Recomb, Forms microprecipitates in sub Q tissue prolonging duration 18-26hrs
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Insulin aspart/Novolog
Recomb, rapid acting 3-5 hrs take before meal.
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Insulin lispro/Humalog
Recomb, rapid acting 3-5 hrs, take before or immediatly after meal.
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Exenatide/ Byetta
Synthetic, incretin or glucagon-like peptide, increases insulin synthesis and exretion.
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Pramlintide/Symlin
synthetic analog of human anylin
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Liraglutide/Victoza
incretin or glucagon-like peptide. Risk of thyroid c-cell tumor.
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Sitagliptin/Januvia
DPP-IV inhibitor, Prolongs levels of natural incretins and increases insulin release
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Saxagliptin/Onglyza
DDP-4 inhibitor, Adverse=decrease lymph count, hypoglycemia, headaches.
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Linagliptin/Tradjenta
Not for type 1, subsstrate for P-glyco, inducer of 3A4
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Bromocriptine/Cycloset
type 2 only, improve glycemic control, increases dopamine levels.
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Becaplermin/Regranex
Human durived platelet growth factor, used to treat diabetic neuropathic ulcers, topical gel
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Welchol/ Colesevelam
Bile acid sequestrant, improves glycemic control.
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